Original Article
ئه‌رك و تایبه‌تمه‌ندیێن ده‌ربڕینێن جڤاكی د زمانی كوردیدا، سلاڤكردن وه‌ك نمونه‌
ڤه‌كۆلینه‌كا زمانڤانییا جڤاكییه‌
ئه‌رك و تایبه‌تمه‌ندیێن ده‌ربڕینێن جڤاكی د زمانی كوردیدا، سلاڤكردن وه‌ك نمونه‌ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌كا زمانڤانییا جڤاكییه‌

دلڤین ئه‌حمه‌د; دارا محه‌مه‌د

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1-11

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10201

Abstract
  Social expressions are one of the important foundations in establishing social relations, and the various forms of social expression have many characteristics and perform special social ...  Read More
Original Article
Passive in Kurdish and Persian languages (a comparative study)
Passive in Kurdish and Persian languages (a comparative study)

Azad Sleman; Ebmorady morady; Sarwar Salah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 12-22

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10202

Abstract
   Regarding passive in Persian, two view-points are accessible: some argue that Persian language lack passive voice and shodan (become) is always an inchoative or linking verb. ...  Read More
Original Article
The administrative, scientific and civilization aspects of the city of Aleppo during the reign of Al-Malik Al-Zahir Ghazi (582-613 A.H/1186-1216 A.D)
The administrative, scientific and civilization aspects of the city of Aleppo during the reign of Al-Malik Al-Zahir Ghazi (582-613 A.H/1186-1216 A.D)

Paywand Mawlud; Mahdi Farhan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 23-35

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2023.177525

Abstract
  This research is a summary about the administrative, cultural and civilization aspects of the city of Aleppo during the reign of al-Malik al-Zahir Ghazi (582-613 A.H/1186-1216 A.D), ...  Read More
Original Article
Types of surroundings in Kurdish language
Types of surroundings in Kurdish language

azad hussin; Tanya Hama amin

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 36-44

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10204

Abstract
  This research is entitled(Types of Context in Kurdish), It is an attempt to present all types of contexts and their impact on syntactic structures in Kurdish, Context and its types ...  Read More
Original Article
بنه‌مای هاوسۆزی له‌ ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتاری ته‌ندروستی حكومه‌تی هه‌رێمی كوردستاندا
بنه‌مای هاوسۆزی له‌ ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتاری ته‌ندروستی حكومه‌تی هه‌رێمی كوردستاندا

Talar Omar; Sherwan Hamad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 45-58

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10205

Abstract
  The act has of empathy has existed since ancient times. At every stage of life, People have tried to empathy others in various techniques and methods .This process, has covered all ...  Read More
Original Article
شیكاری جوگرافی وزەی با لەقەزای كۆیە لەنێوان توانست و وەبەرهێنان و ئاستەنگدا
شیكاری جوگرافی وزەی با لەقەزای كۆیە لەنێوان توانست و وەبەرهێنان و ئاستەنگدا

Dler Taha

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 59-74

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10206

Abstract
  At the global and industrial levels, human attempts are increasing these days to study alternative energy compared to fossil energy, and it is one of the most prominent concerns that ...  Read More
Original Article
The concept of evil
The concept of evil

Dilman Ahmed; Ibrahim Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 75-85

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10207

Abstract
  Evil is generally defined as the opposite or absence of good. Although in everyday usage it is often used in a more limited way to describe the influence of evil and against the common ...  Read More
Original Article
Classification of sounds in terms of their effects in Kurdish language
Classification of sounds in terms of their effects in Kurdish language

Rebin Khdr; Adel Qadir

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 86-106

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10208

Abstract
  This research is titled ((Classification of sounds in terms of their effects in Kurdish language)), The scope of the research includes Central Kurdish (Sorani) Dialect. Therefore, the ...  Read More
Original Article
بەرەنگاری لە شیعری ژنانی کورددا (مەھاباد قەرەداغی) بە نموونە
بەرەنگاری لە شیعری ژنانی کورددا (مەھاباد قەرەداغی) بە نموونە

Osman Osman

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 107-123

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10209

Abstract
  The Kurds are the greatest oppressed nation in the history, because of this persecution and for the sake of freedom; it has a long fought and a long history of sacrifices.According ...  Read More
Original Article
ئاراستەى مامۆستايان بۆ پەروەردەى ڕەگەزى و پەيوەندى بە هۆشيارى خود
(توێژينەوەيەكى بەراوردكاريە لەنێوان قوتابخانە ئاوارەكان وئاسايى لەپارێزگاى سلێمانى)
ئاراستەى مامۆستايان بۆ پەروەردەى ڕەگەزى و پەيوەندى بە هۆشيارى خود (توێژينەوەيەكى بەراوردكاريە لەنێوان قوتابخانە ئاوارەكان وئاسايى لەپارێزگاى سلێمانى)

Khalid a Mustaf; Sarwar Isma'i

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 124-146

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102010

Abstract
  The research aims to know the attitudes of male and female teachers about sexual education, as well as the level of self-awareness and to reveal the relationship between them. Where ...  Read More
Original Article
توانسته‌ مرۆییه‌كانی به‌روبوومی كشتوكاڵ له‌ قه‌زای كه‌لار
توانسته‌ مرۆییه‌كانی به‌روبوومی كشتوكاڵ له‌ قه‌زای كه‌لار

Snur Mahmoud; Jaza Talib

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 147-159

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102011

Abstract
  The target of this research is to indicate the mankind capabilities side by side with natural capabilities that play effective role in the development of the agricultural sector and ...  Read More
Original Article
كاریگەری ستراتیژی كۆمپانیاكانی بەرهەم هێنانی ریكلام لەسەر سیاسەتی كەناڵە تەلەفزیۆنی يه كوردییەكانیەكان
كاریگەری ستراتیژی كۆمپانیاكانی بەرهەم هێنانی ریكلام لەسەر سیاسەتی كەناڵە تەلەفزیۆنی يه كوردییەكانیەكان

Shapol Nuri

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 160-171

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102012

Abstract
  This research is a descriptive and analytical research on television advertising, and the basis for choosing the title of the research is to know the level of influence and marketing ...  Read More
Original Article
فرەدیاریكەریی لە زمانی كوردیدا (زاری ناوەڕاست)
فرەدیاریكەریی لە زمانی كوردیدا (زاری ناوەڕاست)

Omar Aziz; Sabah Qadir

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 172-177

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102013

Abstract
  This research is entitled Multi-Specifier in Kurdish. The research is devoted to highlighting the issue of multi- Specifier   in Kurdish from the perspective of generative ...  Read More
Original Article
Poetics of modernity and nationalism: Revisiting
the emergence of modern Kurdish poetry
Poetics of modernity and nationalism: Revisiting the emergence of modern Kurdish poetry

Farangis Ghaderi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 178-189

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102014

Abstract
  The emergence of modern Kurdish poetry marks a period of great significance in the history of Kurdish literature since it witnessed the advent of modernity, the rise of Kurdish nationalism, ...  Read More
Original Article
جێکەوتەکانی توندوتیژی خێزانی توێژینەوەیەکی تیۆری شیکارییە
جێکەوتەکانی توندوتیژی خێزانی توێژینەوەیەکی تیۆری شیکارییە

Karwan Shamar; Hussein Ali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 190-200

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102015

Abstract
  The consequences of domestic violenceDomestic violence is a universal and widespread phenomenon In different societies, it might be appeared in every community, and there is no society ...  Read More
Original Article
The United States policy toward the Kurdish mass migration 1991
The United States policy toward the Kurdish mass migration 1991

Mabast Hamad; Sarwar Omar

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 201-212

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102016

Abstract
  This research provides a theoretical framework for understanding how individuals living under dictatorship calibrate their political behaviors. The research illustrates the United States ...  Read More
Original Article
The Value of Idiolect in Sociolinguistics Studies
The Value of Idiolect in Sociolinguistics Studies

Shakhawan HajiFaraj; Mohammed Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 213-226

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102017

Abstract
  This research is entitled “The Value of Idiolect in Sociolinguistics Studies”; it is an attempt at introducing the concept, the scope and the limits of functions of idiolect ...  Read More
Original Article
The Role of Social Relationships in Life Satisfaction
A Field Study in Erbil City
The Role of Social Relationships in Life Satisfaction A Field Study in Erbil City

Mahmoud Bamandy; Sabah Njjar

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 227-239

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102018

Abstract
  The aim of this research is to know the levels of commitmentto relations and life satisfaction of the members of the research sample and to know the difference in  commitment to ...  Read More
Original Article
ئاڵووگۆڕ و پەیوەندی بازرگانی نێوان موسڵمانەکان و خاچییەکان لە سەدەی(٦-٧ک/١٢-١٣ز)
ئاڵووگۆڕ و پەیوەندی بازرگانی نێوان موسڵمانەکان و خاچییەکان لە سەدەی(٦-٧ک/١٢-١٣ز)

Rabia Ahmed; Naz Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 240-254

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10219

Abstract
  This research sheds light on the exchange and commercial relations between Muslims and the Crusaders eastern regions especially in the Syria and Egypt, and presents the most potential ...  Read More
Original Article
وه‌زیفه‌ی بازرگانی له‌شاری كه‌لار لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌یه‌ك له‌جوگرافیای شار
وه‌زیفه‌ی بازرگانی له‌شاری كه‌لار لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌یه‌ك له‌جوگرافیای شار

Narmin Muhammad; Juma Dayi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 255-266

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10220

Abstract
  Commercial Function is considered a city life function. It is very difficult to find a city without commercial function. Researchers have put commerce as a basis for classifying the ...  Read More
Original Article
Reflection of openness cultural in Kurdish music
Reflection of openness cultural in Kurdish music

Nawroz Ahmad; Muhammad Muhammad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 267-279

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10221

Abstract
  This research is entitled (Reflection of openness cultural in Kurdish music), and it is an attempt to identify and analyze the culture of openness in music, through proofs, poetic examples, ...  Read More
Original Article
ڕۆڵی فۆنیمەکان لەگۆڕانی واتادا
ڕۆڵی فۆنیمەکان لەگۆڕانی واتادا

Hardi Muhamma

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 280-292

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10222

Abstract
  This research is prepared under the title of (The role of Phonemics in changing meanings), the research was taken place and derived in the border of southern Kirmanji dialect, but necessarily ...  Read More
Original Article
Nasser al-Din Muhammad, son of Asad al-Din Sherko and his role in supporting and establishing Saladin's role in the Great Levant(564-581H)
Nasser al-Din Muhammad, son of Asad al-Din Sherko and his role in supporting and establishing Saladin's role in the Great Levant(564-581H)

Ako Akbar

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 293-305

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10223

Abstract
  Nasser al-Din Muhammad, son of Asad al-Din Sherko, son of Shadi, was the only heir when his father died in 564 AH, so he was given the regions of Homs, Rajba, and all the other areas ...  Read More
Original Article
The role of the Religion in the Political agenda of the great countries 1839-1914
The role of the Religion in the Political agenda of the great countries 1839-1914

Amed Wahab; Amanj Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 306-323

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10224

Abstract
  Religion was a way of the great countries  plan to impose their Powers in Kurdistan  , because this is an economically rich region located on the trade routes betwen east ...  Read More
Original Article
Basic principles of social development and its obstacles
Basic principles of social development and its obstacles

Talar Mustafa; Payman Majid

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 324-338

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10225

Abstract
  Development is a complex process; it is the product of the interaction of the elements that are related to the movement and progress of society as a result of quantitative and qualitative ...  Read More
Original Article
The explanation of obtained master thesis and doctoral dissertation from media department of university of sulaimani (2007_2018)
The explanation of obtained master thesis and doctoral dissertation from media department of university of sulaimani (2007_2018)

Roza Hama Mirza; Jawad Hussein; Fouad Ahmad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 339-349

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10226

Abstract
  The explanation of obtained master thesis and doctoral dissertation from media department of university of sulaimani (2007_2018) This is about the explanation of   those ...  Read More
Original Article
دابه‌شبوونی جوگرافیای به‌رهه‌می دانه‌وێڵه‌ی گه‌نم له‌ قه‌زای كه‌لارله‌ نێوان ساڵی (2010-2020)
دابه‌شبوونی جوگرافیای به‌رهه‌می دانه‌وێڵه‌ی گه‌نم له‌ قه‌زای كه‌لارله‌ نێوان ساڵی (2010-2020)

Lais Mohammad; Karwan Hasan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 350-362

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10227

Abstract
  Kalar district is located in the south-east of Kurdistan region and north-east of Iraq. Consists of the sub-districts(Rzgary –Pebaz –Shex tawel), it will btween both wide  ...  Read More
Original Article
ڕۆڵی سه‌نته‌ره‌كانی ئۆتیزم له‌ كه‌مكردنه‌وه‌ی گرفتی خێزانی منداڵی ئۆتیزم
توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌كی مه‌یدانیه‌ له‌ سه‌نته‌ره‌كانی ئۆتیزم له‌ شاری سلێمانی
ڕۆڵی سه‌نته‌ره‌كانی ئۆتیزم له‌ كه‌مكردنه‌وه‌ی گرفتی خێزانی منداڵی ئۆتیزم توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌كی مه‌یدانیه‌ له‌ سه‌نته‌ره‌كانی ئۆتیزم له‌ شاری سلێمانی

Kuestan Abdullah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 363-388

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10228

Abstract
  Autism is a contemporary disease and it is one of the psychological and mental disorders that some children can be suffered from it and felt it since they are three years old. Due to ...  Read More
Original Article
Evaluating  level suitability of the landforms in the Zamaqi Valley Basin for Human uses
Evaluating level suitability of the landforms in the Zamaqi Valley Basin for Human uses

Omed Hamabaqi OmedHama

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 389-396

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10229

Abstract
  The main goal of the research is to evaluate of suitability landforms in the Zamaqi valley basin for Human uses, dependence on satellite images which have been received from (Landsat8 ...  Read More
Original Article
Case Morphemes in the Kurmanji and Hawrami Dialects
Case Morphemes in the Kurmanji and Hawrami Dialects

Rokan Muhammad; Salem Aziz

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 397-409

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10230

Abstract
  This research is entitled "Case Morphemes in the Kurmanji and Hawrami Dialects”, which lays emphasis on the case and its morphemes in the aforementioned dialects. In the research, ...  Read More
Original Article
Semantics of the word question in Kurdish language
Semantics of the word question in Kurdish language

Bestun Ahmed; Bahiya Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 410-419

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10231

Abstract
  This paper is entitled the semantics of why-words in Central Kurdish. In addition to the introduction, the paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the notion of generative semantics ...  Read More
Original Article
هۆکارەکانى نووسینى گەشتنامە و یاداشت لاى گەڕیدە و دیپلۆماتکارە بەریتانییەکان (١٨٠٠_١٨٥٠)
هۆکارەکانى نووسینى گەشتنامە و یاداشت لاى گەڕیدە و دیپلۆماتکارە بەریتانییەکان (١٨٠٠_١٨٥٠)

Zagros Wali; Mahdi Qadir

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 420-430

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10232

Abstract
  This research focuses on how British explorers and diplomats came to Kurdistan in the first half of the nineteenth century and presents the most important motives that played a role ...  Read More
Original Article
ڕۆڵی پێگە ئەلیكترۆنییە كوردییەكان لە پێكهێنانی هۆشیاریی ڕۆشنبیریی لای خوێندكارانی زانكۆ لە هەرێمی كوردستاندا (توێژینەوەیەکی مەیدانییە)
ڕۆڵی پێگە ئەلیكترۆنییە كوردییەكان لە پێكهێنانی هۆشیاریی ڕۆشنبیریی لای خوێندكارانی زانكۆ لە هەرێمی كوردستاندا (توێژینەوەیەکی مەیدانییە)

Yahia Reshawi; Oral Hussein

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 431-444

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10233

Abstract
  With the advancement of technology, the media has also developed greatly and the tools of media have competed among themselves to have the greatest impact on the recipient in terms ...  Read More
Original Article
Geographical distribution of industrial activity and its spatial patterns In Bazian District
Geographical distribution of industrial activity and its spatial patterns In Bazian District

Ahmed Esma'i; Nawshirwan Ali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 445-452

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10234

Abstract
  The industrial activities had a huge impact on progressing economy in the countries which the principle of all countries depend on it and the importance of this activity is has progressed ...  Read More
Original Article
The Role of Syntax and Semantics of Connectives in simple sentences, in terms of the theory of Government and Banding in Kurdish languages
The Role of Syntax and Semantics of Connectives in simple sentences, in terms of the theory of Government and Banding in Kurdish languages

Bazhdar AbdulManaf; Salah Rasul

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 476-487

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10237

Abstract
  This research is entitled (The Role of Syntax and Semantics of Connectives in simple sentences, in terms of the theory of Government and Banding in Kurdish languages). Connectives have ...  Read More
Original Article
Metaphor Cognition of Animals’ name in Kurdish Language (In Daily Speech)
Metaphor Cognition of Animals’ name in Kurdish Language (In Daily Speech)

BAHRA HAM HGARIB

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 488-496

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10238

Abstract
  This research deals with the act of metaphor cognition of animals/ name which improve language comprehension in a better way than before. So it is the responsibility of researchers ...  Read More
Original Article
The level of superstition believe mindset by educators in basic education system in the city of sulaymanyah
The level of superstition believe mindset by educators in basic education system in the city of sulaymanyah

Bakhtyar Fatah; Ahmed Hama

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 497-507

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10239

Abstract
  The researcher is trying to conduct sociological analysis of the understanding and believing superstitions by the kurdish sociologists and teachers. Superstition is used as scientific ...  Read More
Original Article
The dominance of persuasion in interpretation and communication
The dominance of persuasion in interpretation and communication

Avesta mahmud; Bakhan Abdulrahman

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 508-521

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10240

Abstract
  This research is part of the doctoral thesis requirements entitled Perception domain in interpretation and communication of speech, this study is in the field of psychological language ...  Read More
Original Article
Developing archaeological, historical and religious tourism capabilities of the Chamchamal district
Developing archaeological, historical and religious tourism capabilities of the Chamchamal district

Kazem Sadreddin; Jaza Taleb

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 522-533

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10241

Abstract
  Tourism activities play a crucial role in identifying the history, civilization and beliefs of the nations of the world. In the Archaeological and historical tourism and in the religious ...  Read More
Original Article
The role of scientific debates in eliminating sectarian fanaticism and intellectual 
extremism (The Abbasid era is a model)
The role of scientific debates in eliminating sectarian fanaticism and intellectual extremism (The Abbasid era is a model)

Idrees Ismail; Jamal bajalan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 534-541

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10242

Abstract
  This study is one of the studies that focus on the role of scientific debates in eliminating sectarian fanaticism and intellectual extremism in the Abbasid era .This was one of the ...  Read More
Original Article
Legal regulation of electronic media in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq
Legal regulation of electronic media in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq

IMAN JALAL

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 542-557

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10243

Abstract
  The change from traditional media to electronic media requires the necessary controls and laws to suit its surroundings, we have to also mention that there’s no correct definition ...  Read More
Original Article
انحلال العلاقة الزوجية والعوامل التي أدت الی إرتفاعه فی إقلیم کردستان – العراق
دراسة فقهية تطبيقية
انحلال العلاقة الزوجية والعوامل التي أدت الی إرتفاعه فی إقلیم کردستان – العراق دراسة فقهية تطبيقية

Muhammad Qader

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 558-575

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10244

Abstract
  This study is a jurisprudence analysis of the dissolution of marriage in the Kurdistan region - Iraq. The dissolution of marriage begins with a very important process that is marriage, ...  Read More
Original Article
psychological resilience and characteristics of avoidant personality  in people with special needs
psychological resilience and characteristics of avoidant personality in people with special needs

Bnar Rostam; Yousif Mustafa

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 576-586

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10245

Abstract
  This study aimed to reveal the level of psychological resilience and characteristics of avoidant personality, and to reveal the relationship between psychological resilience and avoidant ...  Read More
Original Article
Building a battery to test the physical abilities of juniors volleyball players
Building a battery to test the physical abilities of juniors volleyball players

Bayar Ali Kan; Muhammad Shehab

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 587-596

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10246

Abstract
  The aim of the research is to firstly build physical tests for volleyball in order to nominate them within the final battery vocabulary, and secondly to extract a battery of special ...  Read More
Original Article
Sale by installments and the like in the Islamic jurisprudential perspective
Sale by installments and the like in the Islamic jurisprudential perspective

Khalid Ali; Mohammed Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 597-611

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10247

Abstract
  In recent years, a phenomenon has appeared that has pervaded the majority of people in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and you rarely find a family or one of its members who did not participate ...  Read More
Original Article
The effect of transferring the effect of learning according to the left and right brain patterns on the skills of high and low drums for students in basketball
The effect of transferring the effect of learning according to the left and right brain patterns on the skills of high and low drums for students in basketball

Rebin fathullah; Zana Mhamad Salh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 612-623

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10248

Abstract
  Determine the right and left dominant pattern of the research sample. Recognizing the effect of transferring the effect of learning according to the left and right brain patterns on ...  Read More
Original Article
The impact of an educational approach to the transmission of inverted vertical learning for the skills of the front and back straight blow in table tennis
The impact of an educational approach to the transmission of inverted vertical learning for the skills of the front and back straight blow in table tennis

ZIYAD HUSSEIN; SHLER ABDULKAREEM

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 624-630

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10249

Abstract
  The research aims to identify the impact of an educational curriculum inverted vertical learning transfer for the front and back straight kick skills in table tennis, and to reveal ...  Read More
Original Article
فاعلية الذات والموضوع- نزار قباني أنموذجا
فاعلية الذات والموضوع- نزار قباني أنموذجا

Zhino Ali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 631-639

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10250

Abstract
  Literature, in general, is a human and social phenomenon which cannot be comprehended accurately except through the Self-efficacy  and the subject. Moreover, the process of crafting ...  Read More
Original Article
The prevailing thinking styles among university students and technical institutes and their relationship to the habits of mind in the light of some variable
The prevailing thinking styles among university students and technical institutes and their relationship to the habits of mind in the light of some variable

Shwan Saeed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 640-654

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10251

Abstract
  The current research aims to identify the prevailing ways of thinking among university students and technical institutes and their relationship to the habits of the mind according to ...  Read More
Original Article
The effect of using (S.A.Q) exercises in developing the forehand and
backhand skills of table tennis players
The effect of using (S.A.Q) exercises in developing the forehand and backhand skills of table tennis players

Amer Ali; Haval Rafeeq

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 655-663

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10252

Abstract
  The aim of the research is to identify the effect of exercises according to the (S.A.Q) style on the results of the pre and post tests of the skill variables under study among the members ...  Read More
Original Article
توفيقات الإمام ابن حبان في صحيحه في بيان تضاد ما جاء عن عدد
ركعات النبي التي صلاها بالليل نفلاً
توفيقات الإمام ابن حبان في صحيحه في بيان تضاد ما جاء عن عدد ركعات النبي التي صلاها بالليل نفلاً

Abbas Abdul Karim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 664-675

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10253

Abstract
  This research is a model to show the genius of Imam Ibn Hibban in the field of reconciling contradictory hadiths, and I have summarized it in several of the following points: 1- In ...  Read More
Original Article
الخطاب القرآني المباشر للمرأة مقارنة بالرجل ـ آيات مختارة ـ
الخطاب القرآني المباشر للمرأة مقارنة بالرجل ـ آيات مختارة ـ

Abdul Rahman Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 676-690

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10254

Abstract
  The speech of God Almighty in the Holy Qur’an varies according to what is required by the discourse or the situation, and among these types is the direct speech of the same person: ...  Read More
Original Article
technical reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of “narrative opposition” in contemporary Arab novelist discourse
technical reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of “narrative opposition” in contemporary Arab novelist discourse

Ramadan Karim; Ali Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 691-699

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10255

Abstract
  This research, tagged with (technical reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of “narrative opposition” in contemporary Arab novelist discourse), is summarized as a ...  Read More
Original Article
Adjective patterns and its transformations in the Diwan of Ali Mahmoud Taha Al-Muhandis - a grammatical study
Adjective patterns and its transformations in the Diwan of Ali Mahmoud Taha Al-Muhandis - a grammatical study

Kawakib Gafur; Kubra Hussain

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 700-709

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10256

Abstract
  In this study, I endeavored to present a descriptive picture of the epithet and its transformative patterns according to the ancient grammatical approach in the poetry of a poet of ...  Read More
Original Article
Believing in Al-Mahdi between Yazidis and Shia
Comparative study
Believing in Al-Mahdi between Yazidis and Shia Comparative study

AZAD SIMO

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 710-722

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10257

Abstract
  Believing in the rise of the Savior is an old belief in humanity. And through The study of religions we focus on this point. It is Worth mentioning that althyall religions agree on ...  Read More
Original Article
Demographics of Medina- Yathrib-  (Jews as a model)
Demographics of Medina- Yathrib- (Jews as a model)

Dilshad Karim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 723-733

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10258

Abstract
  The Jews were a group of people that made many migrations between the borders of the Levant, Egypt, Iraq, and the Hijaz. Wherever they settledthey were the subject of controversy and ...  Read More
Original Article
تكييف المسؤولية المدنية المترتبة على الإخلال بمبدأ الاحتجاج بالتصرف القانوني
دراسة تحليلية مقارنة في القانون المدني
تكييف المسؤولية المدنية المترتبة على الإخلال بمبدأ الاحتجاج بالتصرف القانوني دراسة تحليلية مقارنة في القانون المدني

Ismail Hussein; Rebwar Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 734-745

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10259

Abstract
  Civil liability is of two types, one of them is contractual, and the second is tortious. The first arises when the legal behavior of its parties is violated, and the second arises if ...  Read More
Original Article
The Aesthetics Of Attention And The Game Of Pronouns In The Poetry Of Hakim Nadim Daoudi
The Aesthetics Of Attention And The Game Of Pronouns In The Poetry Of Hakim Nadim Daoudi

Abdullah Salih

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 746-755

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10260

Abstract
  The utility of turning points is one of the stylistic phenomena that has transcended the limits of rhetoric and entered the field of modern critical studies, as literary texts are exposed ...  Read More
Original Article
Behavior at Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah Thinking and remembering as a model
Behavior at Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah Thinking and remembering as a model

Mahmud Mahmud; Bahar Abdullah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 756-767

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10261

Abstract
  This research reveals two models - contemplation and remembrance - which are among the important behavioral etiquette of a great Islamic scholar - Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah - in the field ...  Read More
Original Article
منهج ابن السكيت(246هـ) في كتابه (الألفاظ) في جمع المادة اللغوية وتقسيمه
منهج ابن السكيت(246هـ) في كتابه (الألفاظ) في جمع المادة اللغوية وتقسيمه

Zana Karim; Hiwa Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 768-781

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10262

Abstract
  This study targets the efforts of one of the scientists who struggled for preserving the integrity of the Arabic language, Ya’qub Ibn Al-Sikit Al-Kufi (246 AH), where he collected ...  Read More
Original Article
آراء نالي الشهرزوري العقدية في باب الإلهيات - دراسة تحليلية-
آراء نالي الشهرزوري العقدية في باب الإلهيات - دراسة تحليلية-

Zana Abdullah; Sabah Al-Barzanji

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 782-793

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10263

Abstract
  Throughout the history of the Kurds, we have had many scholars and writers whose peers are few among the Kurds. Among them, a poet by the name of Mullah Khader—nicknamed Nali—rose ...  Read More
Original Article
The oversight role of the legislative authority in combating administrative corruption - Iraq as a model
The oversight role of the legislative authority in combating administrative corruption - Iraq as a model

Rebwar Sheikh; Deria Hawez

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 794-808

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10264

Abstract
  phenomenon of corruption is one of the deadly epidemics that affects any power and governance, if it does not face a scientific and realistic plan and with honest intentions and through ...  Read More
Original Article
The effect of the temporal and spatial dimension in understanding the hadith
The effect of the temporal and spatial dimension in understanding the hadith "The Imams are from Quraish"

Bahzad Wahab; Suleiman Ibrahim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 809-819

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10265

Abstract
  The system of government in Islamic law is one of the important topics in Islam, and there are related texts from the Qur’an and the hadiths. So, a good understanding of these ...  Read More
Original Article
The effect of linking with the apparent pronoun and what replace it in the divan of the poet Abdul Mohsen Al -Kadimi
The effect of linking with the apparent pronoun and what replace it in the divan of the poet Abdul Mohsen Al -Kadimi

Kawakeb Gafur; Akram Saber

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 820-832

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10266

Abstract
  The sentence in Arabic is considered the main semantic and structural unit in the language communication process between the speaker and the recipient For this reason it uses a range ...  Read More
Original Article
Building cognitive distortions among female students of some faculties of physical education and sports sciences for swimming subject
Building cognitive distortions among female students of some faculties of physical education and sports sciences for swimming subject

Mohammed Hameed; Said Said

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 833-840

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10267

Abstract
  The research aims to build cognitive distortions among female students of some faculties of physical education and sports sciences for swimming subject in (Kurdistan Region - Iraq).The ...  Read More
Original Article
Positive Psychological capital and self-awareness among university
students
Positive Psychological capital and self-awareness among university students

Awat Hamza; Yousif Mustafa

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 841-852

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10268

Abstract
  In the current research, the researchers aim to identify the positive psychological capital and self-awareness of the students of Salah Al-Din University, through the objectives of ...  Read More
Original Article
Designing a program according to the proposed strategies has an impact on developing some creative thinking skills in mathematics among seventh grade students in gifted schools
Designing a program according to the proposed strategies has an impact on developing some creative thinking skills in mathematics among seventh grade students in gifted schools

Muayad Mahmoud; Karim Qarjtani; Aryan Muhammad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 853-874

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10269

Abstract
  The aim of the research is to design a program according to the proposed strategies and its impact on developing some creative thinking skills in mathematics among seventh-grade students ...  Read More
Original Article
Classification of learners according to grades and standard levels in some physical abilities in basketball
Classification of learners according to grades and standard levels in some physical abilities in basketball

Hiwa Ahmad; Haidar Ahmad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 875-884

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10270

Abstract
  The following is the study's main goal: Identifying some of the research sample's physical basketball skills. Classification of learners according to grades and standard levels ...  Read More
Original Article
صفة الجاني في المساهمة في الجريمة
صفة الجاني في المساهمة في الجريمة

Hussein Issa; Wria Khosrow

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 885-901

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10271

Abstract
  Contribution to the crime is the commission of a crime by a number of people where the responsibility of each person is determined according to the role they play in committing the ...  Read More
Original Article
Spatial variation of industrial services in the City of Soran
(A Study in the geography of industry)
Spatial variation of industrial services in the City of Soran (A Study in the geography of industry)

Aamang Hamad Amin

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 902-913

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10272

Abstract
  the industrial sector is one of the main branches of important economic activities that has helped to develop cities and their economic prosperity. The service industries are one of ...  Read More
Original Article
The authenticity of the Hadith of Al-Ahad in the beliefs and rulings according to Imam Al-Bukhari
The authenticity of the Hadith of Al-Ahad in the beliefs and rulings according to Imam Al-Bukhari

Karwan Ali; Ismail Jalal

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 914-925

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10273

Abstract
  This research deals with an important fundamental issue in the field of inference, which is the authenticity of Isolated Hadith and how to deal with it in legal rulings and doctrinal ...  Read More
Original Article
The Effectiveness of Educational Curriculum for a Number of Diverse Educational Tools in Learning the Art of Performance of Some Basic Skills in Volleyball
The Effectiveness of Educational Curriculum for a Number of Diverse Educational Tools in Learning the Art of Performance of Some Basic Skills in Volleyball

Karwan Fahd; Zana Muhammad Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 926-936

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10274

Abstract
  This research aims at the following: Identify effectiveness of the educational curriculum for a number of diverse educational tools in learning the art of performing some basic volleyball ...  Read More
Original Article
نسبة مساهمة بعض القدرات البدنية الخاصة والعقلية في أداء التصويب السلمي بكرة السلة
نسبة مساهمة بعض القدرات البدنية الخاصة والعقلية في أداء التصويب السلمي بكرة السلة

Hassan Rustam Khan; Ali Muhammad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 937-941

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10275

Abstract
  The importance of the research was manifested in the investigation of the contribution of the special physical and mental abilities and their effective role in the performance of the ...  Read More
Original Article
The importance of applying operational auditing
in developing the efficiency and effectiveness of human resource performance
A field study in a sample of private hospitals in the Kurdistan Region
The importance of applying operational auditing in developing the efficiency and effectiveness of human resource performance A field study in a sample of private hospitals in the Kurdistan Region

Muhammad Hama Saeed; Ayad Sultan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 942-957

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10276

Abstract
  The research aims to identify the importance of applying operational auditing in developing the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources performance in a sample of private hospitals ...  Read More
Original Article
Gentleness and slowness in calling upon the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and grant him peace, and their effect on responding to the call
Gentleness and slowness in calling upon the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and grant him peace, and their effect on responding to the call

Yadgar Star; Mohsen Rasheed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 958-971

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10277

Abstract
  Islam depends  on the principle of gentleness and deliberation generally in all aspects of life, because gentleness and deliberation are among the characteristics of great men ...  Read More
Original Article
Translating Cultural -Specific Terms from ahdini Kurdish into English:   A Case of Compliments in Bahdini Spoken Language
Translating Cultural -Specific Terms from ahdini Kurdish into English: A Case of Compliments in Bahdini Spoken Language

Hazem Ali; Nazar Mohammed; Ahmad l Khali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 972-980

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10278

Abstract
  Translating culture-specific terms is not an easy task as it comprises a number of problems and challenges. One of the biggest challenges that may the translators face when translating ...  Read More
Original Article
The Syllable Structure and Re-syllabification in Kalhouri Spoken in Khanaqin with reference to English
The Syllable Structure and Re-syllabification in Kalhouri Spoken in Khanaqin with reference to English

Hazhar Tofiq; Twana Hamid

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 981-992

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10279

Abstract
  Th general assumption about the world languages is that group themselves into constituents known as syllables. Whereas the existence of syllable is a principle in the world’s ...  Read More
Original Article
The Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Improving the Vocabulary Range of Postgraduate Students
The Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Improving the Vocabulary Range of Postgraduate Students

Hero Said Mohammed Nuri; Nadhim Azeez; Awat Mustafa

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1015-1022

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10281

Abstract
  This research attempted to examine the effects of using blended learning on the vocabulary improvement of English as a foreign language (EFL). A quasi-experimental research design was ...  Read More
Original Article
The Correlation between Kurdish EFL University Students' Self-Efficacy and their Motivation: A Socio-Cognitive Study
The Correlation between Kurdish EFL University Students' Self-Efficacy and their Motivation: A Socio-Cognitive Study

Othman Abdulrahman; Ayad Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1023-1038

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10282

Abstract
  The problem addressed in this study is simply represented by the type of uncertainty or controversy that may exist over the nature and level of self-efficacy of Kurdish EFL university ...  Read More
Original Article
Teaching english speaking skill at preparatory schools in sulaimani city
Teaching english speaking skill at preparatory schools in sulaimani city

Bekhal Muhedeen; Awara Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1039-1045

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10283

Abstract
  The present study tries to find out how teaching speaking skills is taught in the preparatory schools in Sulaymaniyah city and how the teachers exploit the speaking activities in the ...  Read More
Original Article
Social Anxiety Symptoms as Predictors of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety among Kurdish EFL Students: Mediating Role of Acceptance and Action
Social Anxiety Symptoms as Predictors of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety among Kurdish EFL Students: Mediating Role of Acceptance and Action

Sherwan Aziz; Rawezh Ibrahim; Barham Abubaker

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1046-1055

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10285

Abstract
  The current study examines the direct and indirect effects of social anxiety symptoms on Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety (FLSA). In the model, action and acceptance of social anxiety ...  Read More
Original Article
Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension procedures in the analysis of Donald Trump''''s interview on HBO.
Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension procedures in the analysis of Donald Trump''''s interview on HBO.

Aso Muhammad; Suhair Mohammed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1056-1074

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10286

Abstract
  The current study intends to employ relevance-theoretic comprehension procedures on Donald Trump''s HBO interview. Sperber and Wilson (1986/1995) proposed the theory as an inference-based ...  Read More
Original Article
Peace education as a means to understanding and mitigating physical, structural and cultural violence against women in Iraqi Kurdistan
Peace education as a means to understanding and mitigating physical, structural and cultural violence against women in Iraqi Kurdistan

Maamoon Mohammed; Muhammadsaeed Barwary

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1075-1095

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10287

Abstract
  In general, projects to improve human rights have been imposed on Iraqi Kurdistan by external agencies and have often been criticised for not being sensitive to the real needs of the ...  Read More
Original Article
Polyphony in Poetry: A Study of selected English and Kurdish Modern Lyrics
Polyphony in Poetry: A Study of selected English and Kurdish Modern Lyrics

Ibrahim Murad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1096-1109

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10288

Abstract
  The matter of polyphony in literature is not a new one since it has been stressed and shown throughout the history of literature in general and the English one in particular though ...  Read More
Original Article
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY VIA RESTRUCTURING GOVERNMENTAL FORMAL LETTERS
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY VIA RESTRUCTURING GOVERNMENTAL FORMAL LETTERS

Bzhar Majeed; Awin Karim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1110-1124

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10289

Abstract
  Nowadays, the economic, social and environment are considered as three major concepts in human beings’ life. However, dealing with these subsystems and maintaining them for the ...  Read More
Original Article
Diction and Foregrounding in Dylan Thomas’ “And Death Shall Have No Dominion”: A Stylistic Analysis
Diction and Foregrounding in Dylan Thomas’ “And Death Shall Have No Dominion”: A Stylistic Analysis

Ziyad Hamad Ameen; Rawand Ahmad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1125-1134

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10290

Abstract
  There are various approaches to study literature from numerous perspectives. Considering analyzing poetry from stylistic viewpoint is a new trend in this context. For this reason, the ...  Read More
Original Article
Developing Kurdish University Students’ Speaking Accuracy in Online Classes
Developing Kurdish University Students’ Speaking Accuracy in Online Classes

Areen Muhammed; Ranjdar Rostam

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1135-1152

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10291

Abstract
  This study aims to explain to university students how to use an online platform to develop speaking accuracy. Developing one's speaking skills is an essential part of learning a language. ...  Read More
Original Article
Conceptual Blending in Selected English and Kurdish Religious Speeches
Conceptual Blending in Selected English and Kurdish Religious Speeches

Hemn Muhammad Salih; Ayad Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1153-1169

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10292

Abstract
  This paper is an attempt to investigate the efficiency of Fauconnier and Turner's (2002) Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) to account for the metaphorical constructions in English and ...  Read More
Original Article
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Kurdish Political Billboards in Iraqi Central Election
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Kurdish Political Billboards in Iraqi Central Election

Midya Majeed; Aseel Faiq

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1182-1194

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10294

Abstract
  Multimodal discourse analysis is the analysis of language besides other modalities (pictures, gestures, video images, films, etc.). To use this approach for investigating political ...  Read More
Original Article
A Construal-Based Approach to English Aspect
A Construal-Based Approach to English Aspect

Mustafa Saleh; Azad Fatah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1195-1207

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10295

Abstract
  The aim of this study is to investigate English Aspect from the viewpoint of cognitive dynamic construal of scanning. To achieve that, Langacker’s construal theory (1987, 1991, ...  Read More