Journal of Garmian University

Original Article

Geographical Analysis of the Population Growth of Koya City between (1957-2020)

Arsaln Rostam Haje; peshraw tofiq

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 1-15

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856

Abstract

Population growth is an important topic in population studies because society is constantly changing due to population growth and decline. Koya is the center of Koya district, one of ... Read More

Original Article

the linguistic components of the stories published in (karwan) magazine from (1982-1990) and for each year a story has been studied as a sample

Ibraheem Abdurahamn Mahmoud; Akram Abas

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 16-21

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.165557

Abstract

Language is considered one of the essential factors of the poetic text which that the poet can not disregard while writing a literary text. Thus, the poet always cares about the style ... Read More

Original Article

Evaluating the questions of the history subject test for the twelfth grade of literary because of the light of the bloom taxonomy and from the perspective of the subject's teachers

Saman H.ahmed; Zana Othman Muhammed; Hezha A.Hamad

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 22-37

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.165559

Abstract

Evaluating the questions of the history subject test for the twelfth grade of literary because of the light of the bloom taxonomy and from the perspective of the subject's teachers ... Read More Evaluating the questions of the history subject test for the twelfth grade of literary because of the light of the bloom taxonomy and from the perspective of the subject's teachers To make sure that our questions are appropriate, that they are compatible with changes, developments, and the level of students, and that they achieve our educational goals, they should be put under the evaluation process to determine their strong and weak points, as well as to identify weak points for the purpose of correct, as well as points that are stronger to develop, it means a step towards correcting, development, and appropriateness of these questions. The importance of this research provides that so far such assessments have not been carried out in the Kurdistan Region at a time when the Ministry of Education is continuing its efforts to raise the level of science and scientific generation with the same goals as the developed and modern needs and new developments in this field. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and explain the questions of the 12th-grade history subject syllabus for the study year (2020-2021) according to the special table and the bloom taxonomy, Also, to evaluate the questionnaire of history's subject scanning for 12 literary branches from the perspective of teachers is subjective, based on gender change (male and female) and years of experiences and expertise, To achieve these goals, the researcher used a method of description, and the research tool is to answer questions based on the level of bloom taxonomy and prepare a scale for the questionnaire for the school year (2020-2021) it was contained (44) items after being sure of the validity and reliability of the items applied to the study's example, which included an example of the research in the testing questionnaire that included 50 questions, also the participants were (131) history teacher in Suleimani province, the researcher used (spss) programs for data, as well as finally presenting results and some suggestions under the light of the research

Original Article

The language of Prison Poetry

Omed Raheem; Ataa Ali Ameen

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 38-49

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.165677

Abstract

(Prison Poetry in South Kurdistan,middle kermanj (1920-1970), which is an attempt to shed light on prison poetry in general and the poetic language of those poetic texts written in ... Read More

Original Article

The authority of the ordinary legislature in regulating public rights and freedoms (A study within the framework of the draft constitution of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq)

Zanyar Kareem; Pshtiwan Faraj

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 50-62

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.165678

Abstract

Public rights and freedom are one of the most important pillars on which constitutional theory is built, but the arrangement of this subject is quite impossible constitutionally. Thus, ... Read More

Original Article

Environmental distribution of the population of Chamchamal district

Chrakhan Salih; Jaza T.talib

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 63-79

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.165681

Abstract

-- Read More

Original Article

Neurolinguistic

dara hameed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 80-90

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166188

Abstract

The internal representation of linguistic knowledges of all language fields exists in brain nerves. Neurolinguistics is one of the most recent of linguistic fields, which clarifies ... Read More

Original Article

Political rights in contemporary democratic constitutions (An analytical and comparative study on the draft constitution of the Kurdistan Region / Iraq)

Ayub Muhammed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 91-105

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166194

Abstract

If The Recognition Of Rights And Public Freedoms, And Their Entrenchment In Constitutions, By Most Countries Of The World, Is One Of The Natural Things, ... Read More If The Recognition Of Rights And Public Freedoms, And Their Entrenchment In Constitutions, By Most Countries Of The World, Is One Of The Natural Things, The Recognition Of Political Rights Within Such Constitutions Is Another Issue, Especially Since The Nature And Exercise Of Such Rights Have Political Repercussions, And Also Have A Political Impact On The Nature Of The Political System. How Political Rights Are Formulated And Crystallized In Constitutions Change According To The Nature Of Political Systems And The Extent Of Their Commitment To Democratic Principles. This Means That The More These Rights Exist In The Constitution, The More It Is An Expression Of The Existence Of Democracy And The Maintenance Of Rights And Freedoms. Accordingly, This Study, Entitled (Political Rights In Contemporary Democratic Constitutions- An Analytical and Comparative Study in the Draft Constitution of Kurdistan Region / Iraq), Is An Attempt To Address The Theoretical Aspect Of Political Rights And Their Nature On The One Hand, And To Address These Rights In The Light Of International Or Regional Treaties And Organizations On The Other. Moreover, The Article Seeks To Analyze The Nature Of The Articles On The Issue Of Political Rights In The Draft Constitution Of The Kurdistan Region - Iraq (2009), Stating The Most Important Positive And Negative Dimensions, Based On Its Comparison With The 2005-Constitution Of Iraq And A Few Contemporary Democratic Constitutions Such As Switzerland, Germany And Canada, And South Korea. Finally, The Article Also Aims To Present Some Observations And Recommendations About The Draft Constitution Of Kurdistan Region To Be Considered By The Committee That Will Draft A New Constitution For The Region Or Review This Draft. The Study Concluded With Affirming The Existence Of A Group Of Important Positive Aspects Of Political Rights. Yet, These Rights Need To Be Developed And Reformulated To Reach The Level Of Contemporary Democratic Constitutions

Original Article

Aziz Aqrawi

Karwan Mohammad

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 106-124

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166202

Abstract

This research entitled (Biography and political and military role of Aziz Aqrawi 1924-1980.) comprises three main parts and each part is decided into several sections. ... Read More

Original Article

Learning language disabilities in Children

Alan muhammed; Farhad Hasan

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 125-134

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166204

Abstract

This research “Learning language disabilities in Children” aims at dealing with some of the language disabilities/difficulties that occur in children. For this, this research ... Read More

Original Article

The Relationship between Semantic Roles and Syntactic Functions

azad hussin

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 135-147

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166206

Abstract

This research, under the title (The Relationship between Semantic Roles and Syntactic Functions), in the Sulaymaniyah dialect - middle Kurmanji , is an attempt to identify the different ... Read More

Original Article

Syntapragmatic process in Kurdish Language

khoshnaw Hama Ameen; Omar Kareem

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 148-172

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166674

Abstract

Language is the organization of components, which includes the rules and systems. The instructions, principles, conditions and criteria, assemble the ... Read More

Original Article

The Role of Pishdar District Dialect in Enriching Kurdish Lexicon Dictionary

Rabar kakarash; Hamza Hussein Hama hama

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 173-183

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166520

Abstract

This study, 'The Role of Pishdar District Dialect in Enriching Kurdish Lexicon Dictionary' discusses the relation among dialects and the breadth of vocabulary in Pishdar District for ... Read More This study, 'The Role of Pishdar District Dialect in Enriching Kurdish Lexicon Dictionary' discusses the relation among dialects and the breadth of vocabulary in Pishdar District for enriching Kurdish dictionary because the relation between dialects and a language; is the relation between a part to the whole. It can be said that a dialect is a different way of speaking in society that is used in a language and by the people of a certain region as a means of communication. However, in a dictionary words of a language are recorded so that they can be preserved. A dictionary is also a reference book containing the lexicon of a certain language arranged in a particular way for stating and explaining the meaning(s) of all the words. It is obvious that dialects are bases for constituting every language. Based on the long relation that has been there between linguistics and lexicography, each word in a language that is used in a special occasion for communication expressing a purpose, whether recorded in a dictionary or not, leads to enriching the dictionary of the language. This study, in addition to the introduction, conclusion, and the references list, consists of two major parts. In the first section of part one, a brief introduction is given to define languages and dialects. In the second section, reasons behind the appearance and multiplication of dialects in languages are explained. In the third section, the basic reasons behind the appearance of Kurdish language are discussed. The fourth section states the important relations between a language and its dialects, and then their differences are explained. In the sixth section, various types of languages are discussed. In the second part, the geography of Pishdar District is explained briefly. In the second section, a definition is given for dictionaries, followed by reasons for enriching a dictionary in the following section. In section four, ways in which words find their way into dictionaries are explained, and then the differences between regional and social dialects are discussed briefly. In the sixth section of this second part, the roles of social dialects in enriching a dictionary are stated. In the final section, the practical examples for the Pishdar District lexicon and their evident role in enriching Kurdish language dictionary are stated. The study ends with conclusions and the references list

Original Article

Principles of creating inner music in the poems of Karim Sharaza.

Zanyar Salih; Sarhad Mustafa

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 184-194

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166521

Abstract

Internal intonation is a significant part of the music of poetry that doesn't stipulate the poet with any preceding rules and constitution in writing his poetry. In another word, the ... Read More

Original Article

Names of devices in Kurdish poetry

Atif Farhadi

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 195-210

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166522

Abstract

Noun in Kurdish language, just like all the other languages, one of the significant word classes, that based on ways and aspects, it can be divided into many types, including: content, ... Read More

Original Article

Kurds Affair in Turkey between 2002 – 2016

Araz Ali; Zhelwan Ahmed; Bakhtyar Abdullah

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 211-224

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166523

Abstract

What we are discussing in this research in title of “Kurds Affair in Turkey between 2002 – 2016” is a summary of Turkish policy against Kurds in the area and the peace ... Read More

Original Article

Spatial distribution of separation barriers in Tuz Khurmatu (A Study in Political Geography)

‌Hunar Salah Jall; Ibrahim Qasim Palany

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 247-268

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166686

Abstract

Barriers are a political geographical phenomenon that has long been used as a separating boundary, with different uses and occupations according to geopolitical stages, ... Read More

Original Article

Evaluating cultural and sports services for Recreational activities in Kalar city

Sherwan Rasheed; azhin Mohammed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 269-283

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167271

Abstract

This study, entitled "Evaluation of Cultural and Sports Services for Recreation Activities in Kalar", aims to clarify the way in which cultural and sport services are distributed in ... Read More

Original Article

A Description of Onomatopoeia in the Kurdish Language

shilan hussein; Razaw Ahmed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 284-307

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167277

Abstract

The present study is entitled “A Description of Onomatopoeia in the Kurdish Language”. Onomatopoeia is phonetic forms of signifiers in which words emerge from the imitation ... Read More The present study is entitled “A Description of Onomatopoeia in the Kurdish Language”. Onomatopoeia is phonetic forms of signifiers in which words emerge from the imitation of the natural sounds of the signifieds. It is the words and expressions that come from the sounds of the things and these sounds suggest their meanings. This research explores the description, typologies, principles of the first language acquisition of onomatopoeia in the Kurdish language. This is done as a main type of words in language at the phonological and morphosemantics levels. The main aim of the study is an attempt to explore the relationship between morphosemantics and onomatopoeia in language frameworks in general, and the Kurdish language in particular. It also highlights the importance of onomatopoeia in language as a necessary aspect of the Kurdish grammar. Moreover, the daily usage of these sounds, especially by adults to prompt children, is an effective way for the first language acquisition. Although there are no adequate academic resources on the topic in the Kurdish language, it takes a huge portion of the language. It is also an active part of the morphological process and used in creating new words, and these are the reasons for the research. This paper is a primary step to study onomatopoeia in the Kurdish language and probably it is the first time an MA thesis to be written on it. A descriptive analysis approach is used to examine sounds of animal, nature, human, tools and inanimate things and how their production in the languages. Generally, the used references of the paper are glossaries and dictionaries, as well as, the daily spoken words of the common people, especially those words are spoken in Sorani dialect, Sulaimani region. The paper contains an abstract/ introduction, two sections, a conclusion and the list of references. The first chapter is named “A Description of Onomatopoeia in the Kurdish Language” which has two sections. The first section is “Concept and Introduction” and the second section is “The Principles of Onomatopoeia”. The second chapter is named “Phonosemantics of Onomatopoeia in the Kurdish Language” which has two sections. The first section is “theories, modules and types of onomatopoeia in the Kurdish Language”. The second section is “Onomatopoeia and the first Language acquisition” in which the effect of onomatopoeia is highlighted.

Original Article

The Kurdish issue in Turkish-Syrian relations from the Perspective of National Security and Water Security (1987-1992)

Salam Abdulla; Ranjdar Azeez

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 308-329

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167278

Abstract

Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the Kurdish issue has had a major impact on its foreign relations and has been a major threat to the country's national security. ... Read More

Original Article

The Aesthetic Function of Poetry in the Classical Literature of Lower Kurmanji

Shno Mahmood; Zhino Muhammed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 330-342

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167279

Abstract

Literature, like other human sciences, with its emergence and sprawling, has been assigned with functions by man, and this has been the result of the existence of several characteristics ... Read More

Original Article

Self-image and it’s relation to the acceptance of education expertise from students’ point of view at kindergarten departments in Kurdistan Region Universities

abdulsamad muhammed; Bilal Abdulqader

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 343-361

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167280

Abstract

Building human beings on healthy basis represents a fundamental framework for building a united society, as human beings are the main unit of society, as well as the area of development ... Read More Building human beings on healthy basis represents a fundamental framework for building a united society, as human beings are the main unit of society, as well as the area of development and development. Experts, psychologists and personalities have long confirmed that every human being has a picture of himself, and have pointed out that there are two images, the first a picture of the reality itself and the second a picture of the example itself. Either unrealistic or unrealistic, in a way that if there is a difference between the real self and the ideal itself, it will create a negative self-image, and vice versa, if the difference is low, it will lead to a positive self-image. Therefore, self-image is an important part of human behavior and a basis for directing individual behavior, whether it is normal or pleasant, and this is related to the experience, experience, and conflicts that individuals have gone through, because these images They see themselves as positive and acceptable images, especially for those who believe in their abilities and understanding, or negatively for those who disapprove of their actions and doubt their abilities. In this context, student satisfaction with their education is an effective factor in the success of their expertise and future careers, with the aim of achieving their goals, hobbies and aspirations in their professional life. This study aims to find out the level of self-image and the level of ambition and acceptance of education expertise by students in the kindergarten department at Universities in the Kurdistan Region, as well as to find a relationship between the three changes in terms of change: different universities, and the stage of study. The research limits Kurdistan regional universities for the (2022-2021) academic year, an example of the study is students from the children's kindergarten department at Kurdistan Region's universities, the first, third grade, numbering (610) students. To achieve Study aims, the researcher relied on the hammed Scale, 2004, for his own image, which consisted of 61 paragraphs, and then reviewed it according to the appropriate extent of the sections of the scale with the sample of the study, on the expert's suggestion. The criterion was 46 paragraphs, Then the researcher, taking advantage of previous scientific sources and researches, prepared both criteria for the acceptance of the study specialist, according to the steps taken to prepare the scientific criteria, and then extracted honesty and stability for each of them Scales. The importance of this Study can be shown a number of points: it is important for teachers and students in the children's garden department, as it becomes an important scientific guide on their image and the acceptance of study expertise by students. The children's kindergarten department, as well as the science of university officials and children's kindergarten teachers, will eventually become an important resource for students' views of themselves and their level of satisfaction with their education. For researchers and higher education students, who want to conduct others research in this field. Generally, this study concluded that the picture itself, the education expert, is at a high level, and then there is a strong direct relationship between the three changes, with evidence of statistical evidence. They have, and demographic changes such as the first and third stages of study have no effect on making differences on changes, but demographic changes such as different universities have an impact on the changes in their image and the accepting a study specialist, according to statistical evidence.

Original Article

Academic Self-Efficacy Among Koya University Students’ Relationship to Attitude Student Toward Specialization Study in Academic Year 2021-2022

SHAHEN RAOOF AWLA; kawa proph

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 362-374

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167935

Abstract

The aim of this study investigates academic self-efficacy students Koya University, and to find out attitude students Koya University regarding their major. also reveal statistical ... Read More

Original Article

ڕۆڵ و کاریگەری ئەحمەد تکۆدار و هەڵوێستی ئایینی

Nergz bayz hamad; Goran Abdullah

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 375-384

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167950

Abstract

Our research is about the role and the effectiveness of Sultan Tkodar over the religion changes in Mongolian community and derive them into a new religion which is Islam religion.The ... Read More

Original Article

الحركات الصوفية في شمال كردستان بين (1983-2007)

Shyma Saed; Hersh Hamakarim

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 385-401

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167969

Abstract

The Sufi's tariqa (way, brotherhood) in Kurdistan played an important and effective political role throughout the history of the Ottoman Empire. In the nineteenth century, especially ... Read More

Original Article

The effect of the Portage program on the development of language and social relationships among children with disabilities (4-6 years) in kindergartens and centers for children with disabilities

Sakar Hamasoor; Kareem Shareef Qarachatany

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 402-412

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167976

Abstract

Portage program is one of the best early childhood program that helps pre-school children gain useful skills for their lives. The aim of this study is to discover Portage program’s ... Read More

Original Article

Exploded phonotactic conditions and sides at the beginning and end of the paragraph

Kazm Hassib Nader; Dilshad Garib

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 413-422

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.167979

Abstract

This article focusing on phonotactic of consonant syllable (plosive and lateral) in Kurdish language, in context of this article some general information about the Language system. ... Read More

Original Article

دابه‌شبوونی جوگرافی پرۆسە جووڵەکردەکان و كاریگه‌ری له‌ سه‌ر نیشینگه‌ مرۆییه‌كان له‌ ناوچه‌ی مه‌یدان

Saya Saber; Peshtwan Ali Muhammed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 423-439

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.168020

Abstract

Sexual disorders and their relationship to some variables among married men and women in the Kurdish community

Moaid Jarjis; Diyar Sadiq; Zhila khwakaram

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 440-463

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.168023

Abstract

The research aims at identification of sexual disorders for married men and women in Kurdish Community and different statistical indication for sexual disorders pursuant to variables ... Read More

Original Article

Determining the days of climatic comfort for tourism activity in the Kalar and Sharbazher districts according to the Thom equation

Shirwan Omer Rashid; Paeman Salih

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 464-487

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.168029

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the role of climatic elements affecting human comfort in the Kalar and Sharbazher districts, through analyzing the climate data for both areas, and to reach ... Read More

Original Article

The Impact of Exchange Rate Changes on The Iraqi Balance of Payments for The Period (2004-2019) A Standard Analytical Study

Ali Abas; Hemin Aziz; Hemin Ali

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 488-503

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.168063

Abstract

The exchange rate is a link in linking international economic relations, and represents one of the main pillars in directing all foreign transactions of countries, as it reflects the ... Read More

Original Article

Evaluation of final Examination According to Bloom's Classification (Department of History and Geography as a model)

Bakhtiyar Habib; Hemin Ismail

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 504-516

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.168064

Abstract

The research aims to verify the extent to which the final exam covers cognitive objectives at their different levels, based on Bloom's classification. (52) exams were analyzed from ... Read More

Original Article

verses to prove the crime of adultery at the wife in Surat Al-Nur, analytical study

Aram Muhammed ali

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 517-529

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.168065

Abstract

Islam glorifies the woman’s affair, and makes accusing her of adultery ugly and heinous, and imposes a penalty of eighty lashes for whoever accuses her of it, if she does not ... Read More

Original Article

(The reference and its impact on the cohesion of the text) The novel of the killing of the bookseller by Saad Muhammad Rahim as a model

Walaa jaseem; Faiza Ali

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 530-539

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169701

Abstract

The thesis focuses on reference and its effects on the textual cohesion For Saad Muhammad Rahim's novel "The bookseller's Killing". Reference is one of the most widespread ... Read More

Original Article

Metaphor in the Poetry of Ibn Al-Labbana Al-Dani (d.507AH)

Dhiya Abdulrazaq; Ali gshad abdullah

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 540-550

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169702

Abstract

This research focuses on the art of metaphor in the poetry of a prominent Andalusian poet, who has used this rhetorical art in a remarkable way and is reflected in his poems, and after ... Read More

Original Article

Textual harmony in the poetic works of Adonis

Dahir Karim; Shaimaa Ali Jawad

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 551-567

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169703

Abstract

In this study, we discussed the modern textual harmony and its importance in establishing the coherence and consistency of the text. They are: semantic relations, which are further ... Read More

Original Article

Jurisprudence and literature dialectical central and marginal when Ibn Hazm

Ismaeel Mustafa; Srwa Abdulmajeed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 568-575

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169704

Abstract

Imagination granted literature a distinct existence, a supreme existence, and made it a basis for the construction of its worlds. Despite the specific points of convergence that some ... Read More

Original Article

The effect of using plyometric training on some variables of electrical activity (EMG), special strength and achievement level in the long jump

Rasha Raid hameed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 576-580

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169839

Abstract

The methods and forms of training are nothing but practical exercises directed to raise the level of athletic achievement and achieve the goal of training. The effectiveness of the ... Read More

Original Article

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of companies listed on the Dubai Financial Market

Falah hassan ahmed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 581-592

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169840

Abstract

The study dealt with the subject of the profitability of companies listed on the Dubai Financial Market in light of the crisis of the Covid 19 pandemic, as the study aimed to verify ... Read More

Original Article

Presupposition in the Poem “Tawa Al-Radda” by Ibn Al-Rumi -A Pragma Morphophonological Study-

Shang M Adeeb

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 593-610

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169841

Abstract

The aim of this study is to invest the presuppositions in the poem (Tawah Al-Rada) by Ibn Al-Roumi in order to interrogate and decipher the poetic codes, through the transgressions ... Read More The aim of this study is to invest the presuppositions in the poem (Tawah Al-Rada) by Ibn Al-Roumi in order to interrogate and decipher the poetic codes, through the transgressions of the individual formulas and delving into the implicit meanings that have been referred to by linking the poetic text with its owner (the speaker) and its recipient ( The reader), relying on what has been revealed in the trends of deliberation, phonetic colors, and morphological formations. Through the shared knowledge between the speaker and the addressee, the discourse becomes clear, the implicit connotations become clear, and the presuppositions form the mirror of the psychological state that the poet went through, as the implicit sayings and hidden meanings contain messages that can be carried. By means of the nominal and verbal formulas because they are based on the intention of the speaker and the receiver’s guess of it by resorting to decoding the symbols and interpreting the meanings, so the recipient usually proceeds in every communication process from agreed upon and recognized data and these data are like presuppositions and the communicative background is necessary for the success of the communication process between the speaker and the recipient to embrace a poem Ibn al-Rumi studied these data and presuppositions. The research consists of an introduction, a preface, and two chapters. The preamble deals with (the concept of presupposition and its impact on discourse communication), followed by the first topic that deals with (presupposition according to the principle of diversification in noun structures) based on nominal forms, while the second topic deals with (presupposition according to The principle of diversification in the structures of verbs) depending on the structures of verbs, and the research concludes with the most prominent results that it reached, followed by a list of sources and references, and an appendix of the individual forms.

Original Article

Measuring and analyzing the impact of foreign trade on economic growth in Iraq for the period (1990-2020)

Uns Ahmed; Shvan Hamasaeed; dlnya Rahman

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 611-626

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169967

Abstract

Economic growth is one of the most important criteria for the prosperity and welfare of society, as foreign trade plays an important role and a key engine for economic growth, because ... Read More

Original Article

Literal Transcribers A descriptive semantic study in the poetry of Muhammad Hussein Al Yassin.

Rizgar Muhammed; Adnan Khaled

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 627-635

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169968

Abstract

Letters of "nasikh"s are letters that preceed the nominal sentence and restrict it in word and meaning, as they lead to a change of the syntactic rule for the two ends of the ... Read More

Original Article

Manifestations of Lamentation in Pre-Islamic Poetry - An Applied Study.

Fazil Qader

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 636-642

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169969

Abstract

Elegy, in pre-Islamic poetry, is regarded among numerous ways that adapted by the poets at that era and specifically when a dear person for them is being ... Read More

Original Article

Electronic extortion rule (Comparative study between Sharia and law)

Yousif Ali hassan

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 643-659

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.169970

Abstract

I have defined digital blackmail linguistically, idiomatically and legally. I have also listed the most important causes of digital blackmail such as weakness of religious faith, exchange ... Read More I have defined digital blackmail linguistically, idiomatically and legally. I have also listed the most important causes of digital blackmail such as weakness of religious faith, exchange of photos, visual clips, the spread of channels, economic factors, psychological factors, the misuse of technology, poor domestic supervision, negative social circle, emotional emptiness, answering suspicious calls and weak legislations related to digital blackmail are among many other causes. I have elaborated on the most important means used for digital blackmail such as personal photos, recorded voice calls between two parties, recorded video clips, exchanged messages, hacking private accounts on websites etc. I have also discussed the most important types of blackmail emotional and financial blackmail. The religious, psychological, security, social, moral and economic ramifications of such acts and their effects have been explained. I have also discussed the various means to address the issue most notably issuing serious strict legislations against blackmailers. Moreover, I have suggested many recommendations such as specifying a hotline to report the crimes of blackmailers, achieving the highest level of cooperation between security agencies and the communications network, conducting campaigns to educate people about the ventures of blackmail, deleting all phone numbers that were not officially registered under the names of persons, conducting education courses on the proper use of modern technology, trying to find a solution for the problem of unemployment by founding new factories. I then examine the jurisprudential adaptation of the penalty of digital blackmail in sharia law and in the Iraqi Penal Code, and conclude by attempting a comparison between this phenomenon and the felonies of threatening and money laundering and the Islamic and legal ruling for each crime. I also discussed flogging as a punishment for digital blackmail in the diferent schools of thought and the definition of detention and its types in the Islamic and Iraqi legal law.

Original Article

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY VIA RESTRUCTURING GOVERNMENTAL FORMAL LETTERS

Bzhar Nasradeen Majeed; Awin Jabar Karim

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 787-800

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.16385610

Abstract

Nowadays, the economic, social and environment are considered as three major concepts in human beings’ life. However, dealing with these subsystems and maintaining them for the ... Read More

Original Article

Legal regulation of electronic media in the Kurdistan region / Iraq

Eman Safaa Al-Din Jalal

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 801-820

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856611

Abstract

The change from traditional media to electronic media requires the necessary controls and laws to suit its surroundings, we have to also mention that there’s no correct definition ... Read More The change from traditional media to electronic media requires the necessary controls and laws to suit its surroundings, we have to also mention that there’s no correct definition of electronic media, but a group of experts defined it as follows: “electronic media is the media that relies in its formation and dissemination on electronic elements that replace traditional tools with modern techniques of electronic communication such as the Internet. This study entitled (Legal regulation of electronic media in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq) aims to familiarize themselves with the overall media legislation and the nature of the laws and texts regulating the electronic media, especially in light of the rapid changes and transformations in which the electronic media plays a major role. And exploring the future of electronic media in light of new laws, and establishing a knowledge base about electronic media legislation in the Kurdistan Region through this study, which can be a reference in this field. In order to reach the objectives of the study, the researcher chose the analytical descriptive approach, and to answer the main question of the study which is, (What are the most important legal and regulatory controls set by the legislator that applies to the contents of electronic media to prevent and remove negative effects of electronic media?), the study was divided into two sections, the first section dealt with the entrance to electronic media and the second section with the punitive provisions in electronic media legislation. Among the most important findings of the study were:Despite the implementation of the Law (Preventing Misuse of Telecommunications Devices No. 6 of 2008), issued in the Kurdistan Region to confront the dangers of cybercrime, it is necessary to build on and further amend this law.Law No. 6 of 2008 is not only for journalists, but for citizens as well. Judges are forced to apply this law because social networks are not mentioned in the Journalism Law.

Original Article

Bakhtin's dialogue; Problems in theory and application An analytical study in criticism of criticism.

ramadhan mahmood; Ali Mahmood

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 821-831

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856612

Abstract

The topic is recognized as unprecedented critical attempt within the field of criticism of criticism since it tackles the most significant critical views ... Read More

Original Article

Garmian from the perspective of some travelers and Kurdologists .

Suzan Kareem Mustafa

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 832-851

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856613

Abstract

In order to know the history of Kurdish life from the perspective of foreigners, Kurdish scholars are the best source for exploring and revealing all the hidden aspects that the Kurdish ... Read More

Original Article

Teachers's Directions for Gender Education and its Relations with Self-Awareness

Sarwar Rahman Ismail

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 852-883

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856614

Abstract

The research aims to know the attitudes of male and female teachers about sexual education, as well as the level of self-awareness and to reveal the relationship between them. Where ... Read More

Original Article

The Aesthetics Of Attention And The Game Of Pronouns In The Poetry Of Hakim Nadim Daoudi

Abdullah Faqe-Salih

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 884-898

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856615

Abstract

The utility of turning points is one of the stylistic phenomena that has transcended the limits of rhetoric and entered the field of modern critical studies, as literary texts ... Read More

Original Article

The Opportunity of Investigative Journalism in Kurdistan Region

viyan jasim; Fooad Ahmed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 899-915

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856616

Abstract

The subject of this research is (The Opportunity of Investigative Journalism in Kurdistan Region), which is currently an important subject of journalism and it is important to journalists, ... Read More

Original Article

The marketing intelligence system and its role in enhancing marketing opportunities An exploratory study at the Gasen Cement Factory in Sulaymaniyah Governorate.

Kawa Rostam; Kawa Mohammed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 916-934

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.1638566

Abstract

This research aimed to explain the role that the marketing intelligence system plays as a tool through which to take advantage of the opportunities available to business organizations ... Read More This research aimed to explain the role that the marketing intelligence system plays as a tool through which to take advantage of the opportunities available to business organizations through a field case study at the GASN Cement Factory in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, and to achieve these goals the study demonstrated through the theoretical side to put forward some of what it mentioned on the both topic marketing intelligence and marketing opportunities, relying on quite a few Arab and foreign sources. As for on the practical side, the two researchers relied on a questionnaire that included a set of common dimensions between the marketing intelligence system and marketing opportunities, and then the answers of the research sample were analyzed through the statistical program (SPSS) for data analysis. The hypothesis of the research consisted of two parts, the first of which is the assumption of a significant positive relationship between the marketing intelligence systems and marketing opportunities, also the second is a positive effect of the marketing intelligence system on enhancing the investment of marketing opportunities. The research reached number of conclusions that were among the most important, that there is a significant positive relationship and impact between the two variables, where information technology contributes to supporting the marketing intelligence system by collecting, analyzing, storing and publishing data and converting it into information to help organizations in making appropriate decisions to maintain their competitive position in the market. The marketing intelligence system gives a clear vision to the factory to take advantage of the marketing opportunity that exists in the current market or in the prospective markets. As for the most important suggestions presented by the researchers, they are: The necessity of using the latest information technology, such as using computers and servers for the purpose of maintaining, publishing and constantly updating information, in addition to analyzing the market through the information provided by the system for the purpose of discovering and predicting marketing opportunities.

Original Article

Garmian During the Second Millennium BC

Kozad Ahmed; Rebwar Hamid

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 935-952

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.1638567

Abstract

Garmian is a region of strategic, historical and cultural significance in ancient history. It is located in the southern Kurdistan Region and in the north of modern Iraq. Being located ... Read More

Original Article

The Political Side in the Stories of Aram KakaiFalah

Mawloud Hasan; Hossein Ali

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 986-1003

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.1638568

Abstract

This study, which is entitled 'The Political Side in the Stories of Aram KakaiFalah', is an effort to show the political side in his stories that he has published as a contemporary ... Read More

Original Article

Designing a program according to the proposed strategies has an impact on developing some creative thinking skills in mathematics among seventh grade students in gifted schools

muayad mahmud; Karim Sharif; Aryan Mohammed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 953-985

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.1638569

Abstract

The aim of the research is to design a program according to the proposed strategies and its impact on developing some creative thinking skills in mathematics among seventh-grade students ... Read More

Original Article

Victorian Age in the Great Expectations

Mariwan Rustum

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 660-670

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.170089

Abstract

Within the novel, Great Expectations depicts Victorian society and the values of the day. These were the manners that the Victorians held in high regard.Throughout "Great Expectations," ... Read More

Original Article

A Quantitative Study of Writing Strategies Adopted by Kurdish EFL Learners

Hawraz Hama

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 671-683

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.170486

Abstract

Writing, as a productive and cognitive skill, is complex and challenging because it involves the unification of many processes and strategies. Therefore, EFL students adopt many strategies ... Read More

Original Article

One way to practice our social activities A Quantitative Study of Writing Strategies Adopted by Kurdish EFL Learners

Hawraz Hama

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 684-697

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.170568

Abstract

Writing, as a productive and cognitive skill, is complex and challenging because it involves the unification of many processes and strategies. Therefore, EFL students adopt many strategies ... Read More

Original Article

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a Translating Cultural -Specific Terms from Bahdini Kurdish into English: A Case of Compliments in Bahdini Spoken Language

Hawraz Hama; Nazar Mohammed; Ahmad Khalil

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 714-726

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.170570

Abstract

Translating culture-specific terms is not an easy task as it comprises a number of problems and challenges. One of the biggest challenges that may the translators face when translating ... Read More

Original Article

Some aspects of attention and relationship to the accuracy of the ball performance with the rear racket of the table tennis players in the Koya Sports Club

Aram Khidr; Jihan Ahmed; Maabst Arsheed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 741-749

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.20229450

Abstract

Table tennis is one of the individual games of skill in the first place, and the skill performance in it is the first and most important requirement for the players, and this requires ... Read More

Original Article

Examining the effect of Inflation on Economic Growth in Iraq: Evidence from ARDL Bound test approach

Shanaz Mhamad; Roshna Ibrahim

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 727-740

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.170948

Abstract

Inflation is a macroeconomic issue that has drawn the attention of financial analysts, policymakers, and monetary officials in both developed and developing countries. Iraq has had ... Read More

Original Article

The Impact of Audit Committee on the reliability of the financial statements under the corporate governance

Rebaz Abdulrahman; Sirwan Abdalla; Hariem Abdallah; Basira Najm; Karzan Khzer

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 750-764

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.20229451

Abstract

Corporate governance has been the centre of concentration by companies worldwide especially after the past decade global financial crisis. Therefore, scholars examined the potential ... Read More

Original Article

The reconciliations of Imam Ibn Hibban in explaining the difference in what came from the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - regarding his vision of his Lord in the Isra’ and Mi’raj in his Sahih

Abbas Abdulkareem

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 765-775

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856617

Abstract

The following summarizes this research in several points1- An introduction to the hadith, its virtue, and its highRank2- Imam Abu Hatim Ibn Hibban is Muhammad Ibn Hibban, known as Ibn ... Read More

Original Article

Religious Commitment and System Justification Among University Students

Mahmood Mahmood

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 776-786

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.174547

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the relationship between religious commitment and general system justification among university students at (Garmian University / Kurdistan ... Read More

Original Article

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY VIA RESTRUCTURING GOVERNMENTAL FORMAL LETTERS

Bzhar Nasradeen Majeed; Awin Karim

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 787-800

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856618

Abstract

Nowadays, the economic, social and environment are considered as three majorconcepts in human beings’ life. However, dealing with these subsystems andmaintaining them for the ... Read More

Original Article

The Effect of Ballistic Training with Weights Approach on Explosive Power Improvement, Attention Focus and the Accuracy of Smash serf in Volleyball

Ali Taha

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 1004-1011

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856619

Abstract

This study aimed at examining the effect of ballistic training with weights on strength characterized by speed improvement, attention focus and accuracy of smash serf in Volleyball.Researcher ... Read More

Original Article

Evaluating the relative tectonic activity in chamma Sur Basin - Northeast of Koya City

Ahmed Ali; Nali Hamad

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 1112-1120

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2072040

Abstract

Geomorphological indicators are useful tools in assessing tectonic activity in any area. Several geomorphological parameters can be used to analyze the terrain as well as the relative ... Read More Geomorphological indicators are useful tools in assessing tectonic activity in any area. Several geomorphological parameters can be used to analyze the terrain as well as the relative tectonic activity. These quantitative parameters are based on the analysis of the drainage network or mountain fronts. They represent a quantitative approach that offers a differential geomorphological analysis which is associated with processes such as erosion and sedimentation in the course of the river, and the longitudinal section of the river; in addition to some characteristics that are drawn from the tectonic features such as cracked edges. This paper aims to evaluate the relative tectonic activity in the Quaternary era of Chemah Sur vally basin (southeast of Koya district) on the feet of the Haybat Sultan Mountain north of the Little Zab River when it crosses Haybat Sultan Mountain through evaluating the geomorphological parameters of the river drainage network. The current study adopts quantitative methods to assess the relative tectonic activity in the study area based on the geomorphological indicators followed in this field. The topographic maps of the study area use the scale 1:50000 to help identifying terrains. Landsat satellite imagery and DEM were also used for mapping and facilitating the morphological characterization of topographical features and their role in the evolution of land features. The results of the measurements Index of mountain front sinuosity (Smf) showed that all mountain fronts indicate low values ranging from 1.024 to 1.214, which refer to straight active fronts with the exception of one belonging to tributary No. 9. The results of Stream length-gradient index (SL) for 46 measuring points along the streams of the tributaries of the Jamah Sur valley show that 19.5% of these measurements are characterized by high tectonic activity with values of more than 500, while 21.7% have medium tectonic activity and 63% of these measurements indicate weak tectonic activity Asymmetric factor (Af) values also show a widespread asymmetry related to the tectonic tilt of five basins with strong tectonic activity, two of moderate degree and one of weak degree.

Original Article

The Views of Teachers and Administrators to Integrate Students with Special Needs with Regular Students in Primary Schools in Zakho District

kazheen Karo; Marwa Hammou; Zahid Mohammed

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, Pages 1121-1134

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2072041

Abstract

The research aims to identify the opinions of teachers and administrators to integrate pupils with special needs with regular pupils in the primary schools in the center of Zakho district. ... Read More The research aims to identify the opinions of teachers and administrators to integrate pupils with special needs with regular pupils in the primary schools in the center of Zakho district. The research sample consisted of (350) individuals in the ratio of (250) male and female teachers from different specializations and (100) male and female principals and their assistants from primary schools. The researchers prepared a tool consisting of (36) paragraphs with answer alternatives (approved, neutral, disagree). The paragraphs are divided into five axes: the first: the philosophy of educational inclusion in a total of (9) items, the second: the educational dimensions of educational integration with a total of (7) paragraphs, the third: the social dimensions of educational integration with a total of (6) paragraphs, the fourth: the psychological dimensions of educational integration with a total of (7) Paragraphs, and the fifth: the school environment, with a total of (6) items. After extracting the psychometric properties of it, represented with apparent honesty, and consistency in the way of re-testing, which has a value of (0.91). The researchers used: Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples, Uni-directional variance analysis, and LSD test, as statistical means to extract the results represented by: gender, job type (male or female teacher and principal), the academic specialization of the teacher (humanities, applied sciences, sports education or art), years of service from (1-5), (6-10), (11-15), (16-20) years, and marital status (single, married, widower). The research found that the majority of respondents adopted the philosophy of integrating people with special needs in regular schools, but with pessimism about the application of the process. It is necessary for the teacher to be equipped with various teaching skills in regular schools. Despite the agreement of most of them that this group will learn better when merging and will develop respect between the two groups, they believe that this process will have a negative impact on the achievement of regular students. In addition to that, most of them have no hopes for a production return for society in the future. On the psychological level, the integration process may have negative effects on the psychology of students with special needs as a result of inappropriate behaviors that may come from their regular peers because the school environment is not yet ready. In general, there were no significant differences with respect to these axes according to gender, the type of job (male or female teacher and principal), marital status (single, married, widower), or for years of service in general. However, there are differences in academic specialization for the benefit of art education teachers. In light of the research results, the researchers presented a set of proposals and recommendations to the concerned authorities.

Volume 11 (2024)

Volume 10 (2023)

Volume 9 (2022)

Volume 8 (2021)

Volume 7 (2020)

Volume 6 (2019)

Volume 5 (2018)

Volume 4 (2017)

Volume 3 (2017)

Volume & Issue: Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2022

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