1 Behnam, B., Naeimi, A., and Darvishzade, A. (2012). A Comparative Genre Analysis of Hedging Expressions in Research Articles: Is Fuzziness Forever Wicked? English Language and Literature Studies, 2(2). Doi: 10.5539/ells.v2n2p20.
2 Behnam, B. and Khaliliaghdam, S. (2012). A Cross-Cultural Study on Hedging Devices in Kurdish Conversation. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 2(1), 37-88.
3 Bitchener, J. and Basturkam, H. (2006). Perceptions of the difficulties of postgraduate L2 thesis students writing the discussion section. Journal of English for Academic Puroses, 5,4-18.
4 Brown, P. and Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5 Clyne, M. (1987). Cultural differences in the Organization of Academic Texts. Journal of Pragmatics, 11, 211-247.
6 Coats, Jennifer. (1987). Epistemic Modality and Spoken Discourse. Transactions of the Philological Society, 85(1), 110-131.
7 Crismore, A., and Vande Kopple, W. J. (1997). The effects of hedges and gender on the attitudes of readers in the united states toward material in a science textbook. In A. Dusak (Ed), Culture and styles of academic discourse, (pp. 223-247). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
8 Crompton, P. (1997). Hedging in Academic Writing: Some Theoretical Problems. English for Specific Purposes, no. 16. 4.
9 Eggington, W. (1987). Written Academic Discourse in Korean: Implications for effective communication. In U. C. and R. Kaplan (Eds), Writing across languages: Analysis of L2 text. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
10 Faber, B. (2003). Creating rhetorical stability in corporate university discourse: Discourse technologies and change. Written Communication, 20, 391-425.
11 Getkham, K. (2011). Hedging devices in applied linguistics research articles. Interdisciplinary discourses in language and communication, 141-154.
12 Hinds, J. (1987). Reader Versus Writer Responsibility: A New Typology. In U. C. and R. Kaplan (Eds), Writing across languages: Analysis of L2 text. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
13 Hinkel, E. ( 1997). Indirectness in L1 and L2 Academic Writing. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 361-386.
14 Hinkel, E. (2005). Hedging, inflating and persuading in L2 academic writing. Applied language learning, 15(1/2), 29-53.
15 Holmes, J. (1982). Expressing doubt and certainty in English. RELC Journal, 13(2), 19-28.
16 Holmes, J. (1990). Hedges and Boosters in Women's and Men's Speech. Language and Communication, 10, 185-205.
17 Holmes, J. (1995).Women and Men Politeness. London: Longman.
18 Hyland, K. (1994). Hedging in academic writing and EAP textbooks. English for specific purposes, 13(3), 239-256.
19 Hyland, K. (1995). The Author in the Text: Hedging Scientific Writing. Hong -KongPapers in Linguistics and Language Teaching, 18.
20 Hyland, K. (1998a). Boosting, Hedging, and the Negotiation of Academic Knowledge. Text, 18(3), 349-382.
21 Hyland, K. (1998b). Hedging in Scientific Research Articles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
22 Hyland, K. (2000). Hedges, Boosters and Lexical Invisibility: Noticing Modefiers in Academic Texts. Language Awareness, 9(4), 179-197.
23 Hyland, K. (2004). Genre and second language writing. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
24 Hyland, K. (2005). Metadiscourse: Exploring Interaction in Writing. NY: Continuum Discourse Series.
25 Hyland, K. (2012). Disciplinary Identities: Individuality Community in Academic Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26 Jordan, R. (1997). English for Academic Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27 Lakoff, G. (1972). Hedges: A Study of in Meaning Criteria and the Logic of Fuzzy Concepts. Chicago Linguistic Society Papers, 8, pp. 183-228.
28 Leech, J. (1983). Priciples of Pragmatics. London and New York: Longman.
29 Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30 Markkanen, R. and Schroder, H. (1997). Hedging: A Challenge for Pragmatic and Discourse Analysis. In R. Markkanen and H. Schroder (eds), Hedging and Discourse: Approaches to to the analysis of a Pragmatic Phenomenon in Academic Texts.berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 3-18.
31 Martinez, I. A. (2003). Aspects of theme in the method and discussion sections of biology journal articles in English. Journal of English for academic purposes, 2, 103-123.
32 Mirzapour, F., and Mahand, M. R. (2012). Hedges and boosters in native and non-native library and information and computer science research articles. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Lsanguages Studies, 18(2), 119-128.
33 Myers, G. (1989). The Pragmatics of Politeness in Scientific Articles. Applied Linguistics, 10 (1)
34 Nikula, T. (1997). Interlanguage view on hedging. In R. Markkanen & H. Schroder (Eds.), hedging and Discourse: Approaches to the Analysis of a pragmatic Phenomenon in Academic Texts, (pp. 188-208). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
35 Ostler, S. (1987). English in Parallels: A Comparison English and Arabic Prose. R. Kaplan (Eds), Writing across languages: Analysis of L2 text. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
36 Prince, E., J. Frader and C. Bosk (1982). On Hedging in Physician- physician Discourse. Linguistics and the Professions. Proceeding of the Second Annual Delaware Symposium on Language Studies. Nowrwood, NJ: Ablex, 83- 97.
37 Robberecht, P. and Van Petegham, M. (1982). A functional Model for the Description of Modality. In Fifth International Conference on Contrastive Projects, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
38 Salager-Meyer, F. (1994). Hedges and textual communicative function in function in medical English written discourse. English for specific purposes, 13(2), 149-170.
39 Scarcella, R. and Brunak, R. (1981). On Speaking Politely in a Second Language. International journal of the Sociology of Language, 27, 59-75.
40 Skelton,J. (1988). Comments in Academic Articles. In P. Grunwell (Eds), Applied Linguistics in Society. London: CILT/BAAL.
41 Swales, J. (1990). Gener Anlysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42 Swales, J. and Feak, C. (2004). Academic Writing of Graduation Students: Essential Tasks and Skills. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
43 Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure. Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 91-112.
44 Varttala, T. (1999). Remarks in the Communicative Functions of Hedging in Popular Scientific and Specialist Research Articles on Medicine. English for Specific Purposes, 2: 177-200.
45 Vassileva, I. (2001). Commitment and Detachment in English and Bulgarian Academic Writing. English for Specific Purposes, 83- 102.
46 Ventola, E. (1992). Writing Scientific English: Overcoming Cultural Problems. International journal of Applied Linguistics, 2(2), 91-220.
47 Wishnoff, J. (2000). Hedging Your Bets: L2 Learners' Acquisition of Pragmatic Devices in Academic Writing and Computer-Mediated Discourse. Second Language Studies, 19(1), 119- 148.
Yang, Y. (2013). Exploring linguistic and cultural variations in the use of hedges in English and Chinese scientific discourse. Journal of Pragmatic, 50(1), 23-36
)