Document Type : Original Article
- Michael M. Gunter, The Kurds Ascending: the Evolving Solution to the Kurdish Problem in Iraq and Turkey (New York, 2008), pp.1-4; David McDowall, A Modern History of the Kurds (London, 2007), pp.6-8.
- BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘Telegram from Political, Baghdad to India Office’, 7 December 1918; BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘Kurdistan, note by political department, India Office’, 14 December 1918; Charles Townshend, When God Made Hell: The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq 1914-1921 (London: Faber, 2010) ,p.494.
- Los Angeles Times, ‘Fourteen real Peace Points’, 13 October 1918.
- St. Antony College, Middle East Centre Archive, Edmonds, 6/2, ‘Review of the Civil Administration of the occupied territories of Iraq, 1914-1918’ November 1918.
- TNA/WO/32/5806/2205, ‘The Potential Enemies in Mesopotamia’, 15 April 1920; Rafiq Hilmi, Yadasht, Kurdish text (the Memoir), (Sulaimaniya, 2003), p.43.
- TNA/FO/371/3398, ‘Memorandum of interview between Sir P. Cox and Sharif Pasha’, 6 June 1918.
- TNA/FO/371/3407, ‘Memorandum by Cox to the Secretary of State for India, relations with the tribes of southern Kurdistan’, 7 December 1917.
- TNA/FO/371/3407, ‘Cox to the Secretary of State for India’, 7 December 1917.
- TNA/CO/969/2, ‘Administration report of the Diala division’, 1919; The Times, ‘Parliament’, 7 February 1908.
10. TNA/FO/141/806, ‘Précis of affairs in southern Kurdistan during the great war, Office of Civil Commissioner’, June 1919; The Times, ‘Russian leave Mesopotamia’, 10 July 1917; The Times, ‘The case of Kurdistan’, 15 November 1919; Longrigg, Stephen Hemsley, Iraq 1900 to 1950: A Political, Social and Economic History (London: Oxford University Press, 2nd ed. 1956). p.96; McDowall, History of the Kurds, p.107.
11. TNA/FO/371/3407, ‘from Political, Baghdad’, 15 October 1918.
12. HC Deb, series. 5, vol. 108, cols.1615-6, 23 July 1918; The Times, ‘Advance on Mosul road’, 9 May 1918; The Times, ‘The victory on the Mosul road’, 20 May 1918; The Times, ‘The case of Kurdistan’, 15 November 1919;
13. Alexander Cobbe, Graaff Hunter, Charles T. Beale and S. Murray ‘Central Kurdistan: Discussion’, Geographical Journal, 54, no. 6 (1919), p. 345.
14. Hilmi, Memoir, 29-31.
15. TNA/AIR/20/512, ‘Telegram from Political, Baghdad to the Secretary of State for India’, 17 November 1918.
16. TNA/FO/141/806, ‘Précis of affairs’.
17. Wilson, Arnold Talbot, Sir, Mesopotamia 1917-1920, a clash of loyalties (London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1931), p.102.
18. TNA/FO/371/3407 and TNA/AIR/20/512, ‘Telegram from political, Baghdad to the Secretary of State for India’, 1 November 1918.
19. Ibid.
20. TNA/AIR/20/512, ‘Telegram from Political, Baghdad to the Secretary of State for India’, 16 November 1918.
21. BL/ADD/MS/52456/B, ‘Office of Civil Commissioner, Baghdad’, 14 November 1919.
22. TNA/AIR/20/512, ‘Telegram from Political, Baghdad to the Secretary of State for India’, 31 October 1918; Wilson, Mesopotamia, 127-128.
23. BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘political department, India Office’, 7 December 1918; TNA/FO/141/806, ‘Précis of affairs’; The Times, ‘the case of Kurdistan’, 17 November 1919.
24. TNA/AIR/20/512, ‘Noel to Civil Commissioner in Baghdad’, 16 November 1918; TNA/AIR/20/512, ‘Political, Baghdad to the Secretary of State for India’. 31 October 1918.
25. TNA/FO/371/5069, ‘Administration report of the Sulaimaniyah division’, 1919; TNA/FO/608/95, ‘Memorandum by Major Noel to A.P.O’s Kirkuk, Kifri and Altun-Keupry’, 8 December 1918.
26. TNA/FO/141/806, ‘Précis of affairs’; The Times, ‘The case of Kurdistan’, 17 November 1919.
27. Wilson, Mesopotamia, p.129.
28. BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘political department, India Office’, 7 December 1918.
29. Wilson, Mesopotamia, p.129.
30. Hilmi, Memoir, pp. 51-52.
31. BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘political department, India Office’, 7 December 1918.
32. TNA/FO/608/95, ‘Major Noel to A.P.O’S Kirkuk, Kifri and Altun-Keupri’; TNA/AIR/23/324, ‘Special Service Office (SSO) (Sulaimaniyah) to Air Staff Intelligence (Baghdad)’, 30 June 1927, quoted in Jordi Tejel Gorges, ‘Urban Mobilization in Iraqi Kurdistan during the British mandate: Sulaimaniyah 1918-30’, Middle Eastern studies (2008), p.539.
33. Wilson, Mesopotamia, p.133; TNA/FO/608/95, ‘Major Noel to A.P.O’S Kirkuk, Kifri and Altun-Keupri’.
34. Longrigg, Iraq, 1900-1950, p.104.
35. BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘Telegram from Secretary of State for India to Civil Commissioner, Baghdad’, 6 December 1918; BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘Telegram from Political, Baghdad to India Office’, 8 December 1918.
36. BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘Telegram from Political, Baghdad to India Office’, 8 December 1918; BL/L/PS/10/781/2, ‘India Office recommendations’, 20 December 1918.
37. BL/IOR/L/MIL/5/789, ‘Telegram from Political, Baghdad to India Office’, 13 June 1919; TNA/CO/969/2 and TNA/FO/371/5069 ‘Administration report of Kirkuk division’, 1 January to 31 December 1919.
38. TNA/FO/371/5069, ‘Sulaimaniyah division’.
39. Wilson, Mesopotamia, p. 134.
40. BL/ADD/MS/52455/C, Wilson to Hirtzel, 24 November 1919.
41. Townshend, When God Mad Hell, pp.496-497;
42. BL/IOR/L/MIL/5/789, ‘Telegram from Baghdad to India Office’, 25 May 1919; TNA/FO/608/95, ‘Telegram from political Baghdad to India Office’, 29 May 1919; TNA/FO/371/4192, ‘Telegram from Baghdad to India Office’, 27 May 1919; TNA, CAB/45/99, ‘Report about the situation in Sulaimaniyah’, 20 June 1919; Wilson, Mesopotamia, p.136.