Journal of Garmian University

Original Article

ئه‌رك و تایبه‌تمه‌ندیێن ده‌ربڕینێن جڤاكی د زمانی كوردیدا، سلاڤكردن وه‌ك نمونه‌ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌كا زمانڤانییا جڤاكییه‌

دلڤین ئه‌حمه‌د; دارا محه‌مه‌د

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1-11

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10201

Abstract

Social expressions are one of the important foundations in establishing social relations, and the various forms of social expression have many characteristics and perform special social ... Read More

Original Article

Passive in Kurdish and Persian languages (a comparative study)

Azad Sleman; Ebmorady morady; Sarwar Salah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 12-22

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10202

Abstract

Regarding passive in Persian, two view-points are accessible: some argue that Persian language lack passive voice and shodan (become) is always an inchoative or linking verb. ... Read More

Original Article

The administrative, scientific and civilization aspects of the city of Aleppo during the reign of Al-Malik Al-Zahir Ghazi (582-613 A.H/1186-1216 A.D)

Paywand Mawlud; Mahdi Farhan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 23-35

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2023.177525

Abstract

This research is a summary about the administrative, cultural and civilization aspects of the city of Aleppo during the reign of al-Malik al-Zahir Ghazi (582-613 A.H/1186-1216 A.D), ... Read More

Original Article

Types of surroundings in Kurdish language

azad hussin; Tanya Hama amin

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 36-44

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10204

Abstract

This research is entitled(Types of Context in Kurdish), It is an attempt to present all types of contexts and their impact on syntactic structures in Kurdish, Context and its types ... Read More

Original Article

بنه‌مای هاوسۆزی له‌ ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتاری ته‌ندروستی حكومه‌تی هه‌رێمی كوردستاندا

Talar Omar; Sherwan Hamad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 45-58

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10205

Abstract

The act has of empathy has existed since ancient times. At every stage of life, People have tried to empathy others in various techniques and methods .This process, has covered all ... Read More

Original Article

شیكاری جوگرافی وزەی با لەقەزای كۆیە لەنێوان توانست و وەبەرهێنان و ئاستەنگدا

Dler Taha

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 59-74

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10206

Abstract

At the global and industrial levels, human attempts are increasing these days to study alternative energy compared to fossil energy, and it is one of the most prominent concerns that ... Read More At the global and industrial levels, human attempts are increasing these days to study alternative energy compared to fossil energy, and it is one of the most prominent concerns that are intended to be included with the daily equations of alternative energy, because alternative energy does not now have any material value compared to other energies, so we can know alternative energy. It is an eternal energy that extends with human life.This study highlights the importance of the potentials of exploiting wind energy in Koya district to invest in the field of electricity using turbines, and in light of the equations used and the results it reached by analyzing the value of wind energy in the two stations. As the annual average wind speed in Koya station reached (4.2) m / s with a capacity of (50.40) Watts / m 2 / day, and that the autumn and winter seasons at Koya station recorded the highest value of wind speed of (4.3 -4.2) m / s, with an estimated production capacity of (54.4 - 52.0) Watt / m 2 / day They have a role in determining the wind speed and the type of turbines used in the region with the influencing factors, as well as the wind speed in Ashta station, as its records indicate that the wind speed records the lowest annual rates of (3.3) m/s with an estimated capacity of (25.9) watts/m2/ day, and that the summer and autumn seasons at Ashta station produce the highest wind energy at a speed of up to (3.7-3.4) m/s and a production capacity estimated at (34.1-26.2) watts/m2/day with a lower capacity, and the possibility of providing the minimum utilization of wind energy Which is estimated (3.6) km / h.The aim of this study is to determine the geographical factors in the Koya district to invest wind energy and determine the cost of this type of energy compared to fossil energy sources. Summer study. Which makes the area attractive to the wind. The reduction in production costs to the level of production costs with renewable and fossil energy sources with the availability of capital foundations supports such projects, but some technological, natural and technical obstacles stand in the way of investing the wind movement in the region.

Original Article

The concept of evil

Dilman Ahmed; Ibrahim Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 75-85

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10207

Abstract

Evil is generally defined as the opposite or absence of good. Although in everyday usage it is often used in a more limited way to describe the influence of evil and against the common ... Read More

Original Article

Classification of sounds in terms of their effects in Kurdish language

Rebin Khdr; Adel Qadir

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 86-106

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10208

Abstract

This research is titled ((Classification of sounds in terms of their effects in Kurdish language)), The scope of the research includes Central Kurdish (Sorani) Dialect. Therefore, the ... Read More

Original Article

بەرەنگاری لە شیعری ژنانی کورددا (مەھاباد قەرەداغی) بە نموونە

Osman Osman

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 107-123

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10209

Abstract

The Kurds are the greatest oppressed nation in the history, because of this persecution and for the sake of freedom; it has a long fought and a long history of sacrifices.According ... Read More

Original Article

ئاراستەى مامۆستايان بۆ پەروەردەى ڕەگەزى و پەيوەندى بە هۆشيارى خود (توێژينەوەيەكى بەراوردكاريە لەنێوان قوتابخانە ئاوارەكان وئاسايى لەپارێزگاى سلێمانى)

Khalid a Mustaf; Sarwar Isma'i

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 124-146

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102010

Abstract

The research aims to know the attitudes of male and female teachers about sexual education, as well as the level of self-awareness and to reveal the relationship between them. Where ... Read More

Original Article

توانسته‌ مرۆییه‌كانی به‌روبوومی كشتوكاڵ له‌ قه‌زای كه‌لار

Snur Mahmoud; Jaza Talib

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 147-159

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102011

Abstract

The target of this research is to indicate the mankind capabilities side by side with natural capabilities that play effective role in the development of the agricultural sector and ... Read More

Original Article

كاریگەری ستراتیژی كۆمپانیاكانی بەرهەم هێنانی ریكلام لەسەر سیاسەتی كەناڵە تەلەفزیۆنی يه كوردییەكانیەكان

Shapol Nuri

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 160-171

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102012

Abstract

This research is a descriptive and analytical research on television advertising, and the basis for choosing the title of the research is to know the level of influence and marketing ... Read More

Original Article

فرەدیاریكەریی لە زمانی كوردیدا (زاری ناوەڕاست)

Omar Aziz; Sabah Qadir

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 172-177

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102013

Abstract

This research is entitled Multi-Specifier in Kurdish. The research is devoted to highlighting the issue of multi- Specifier in Kurdish from the perspective of generative ... Read More

Original Article

Poetics of modernity and nationalism: Revisiting the emergence of modern Kurdish poetry

Farangis Ghaderi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 178-189

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102014

Abstract

The emergence of modern Kurdish poetry marks a period of great significance in the history of Kurdish literature since it witnessed the advent of modernity, the rise of Kurdish nationalism, ... Read More

Original Article

جێکەوتەکانی توندوتیژی خێزانی توێژینەوەیەکی تیۆری شیکارییە

Karwan Shamar; Hussein Ali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 190-200

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102015

Abstract

The consequences of domestic violenceDomestic violence is a universal and widespread phenomenon In different societies, it might be appeared in every community, and there is no society ... Read More

Original Article

The United States policy toward the Kurdish mass migration 1991

Mabast Hamad; Sarwar Omar

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 201-212

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102016

Abstract

This research provides a theoretical framework for understanding how individuals living under dictatorship calibrate their political behaviors. The research illustrates the United States ... Read More

Original Article

The Value of Idiolect in Sociolinguistics Studies

Shakhawan HajiFaraj; Mohammed Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 213-226

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102017

Abstract

This research is entitled “The Value of Idiolect in Sociolinguistics Studies”; it is an attempt at introducing the concept, the scope and the limits of functions of idiolect ... Read More

Original Article

The Role of Social Relationships in Life Satisfaction A Field Study in Erbil City

Mahmoud Bamandy; Sabah Njjar

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 227-239

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.102018

Abstract

The aim of this research is to know the levels of commitmentto relations and life satisfaction of the members of the research sample and to know the difference in commitment to ... Read More

Original Article

ئاڵووگۆڕ و پەیوەندی بازرگانی نێوان موسڵمانەکان و خاچییەکان لە سەدەی(٦-٧ک/١٢-١٣ز)

Rabia Ahmed; Naz Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 240-254

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10219

Abstract

This research sheds light on the exchange and commercial relations between Muslims and the Crusaders eastern regions especially in the Syria and Egypt, and presents the most potential ... Read More

Original Article

وه‌زیفه‌ی بازرگانی له‌شاری كه‌لار لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌یه‌ك له‌جوگرافیای شار

Narmin Muhammad; Juma Dayi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 255-266

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10220

Abstract

Commercial Function is considered a city life function. It is very difficult to find a city without commercial function. Researchers have put commerce as a basis for classifying the ... Read More

Original Article

Reflection of openness cultural in Kurdish music

Nawroz Ahmad; Muhammad Muhammad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 267-279

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10221

Abstract

This research is entitled (Reflection of openness cultural in Kurdish music), and it is an attempt to identify and analyze the culture of openness in music, through proofs, poetic examples, ... Read More

Original Article

ڕۆڵی فۆنیمەکان لەگۆڕانی واتادا

Hardi Muhamma

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 280-292

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10222

Abstract

This research is prepared under the title of (The role of Phonemics in changing meanings), the research was taken place and derived in the border of southern Kirmanji dialect, but necessarily ... Read More

Original Article

Nasser al-Din Muhammad, son of Asad al-Din Sherko and his role in supporting and establishing Saladin's role in the Great Levant(564-581H)

Ako Akbar

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 293-305

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10223

Abstract

Nasser al-Din Muhammad, son of Asad al-Din Sherko, son of Shadi, was the only heir when his father died in 564 AH, so he was given the regions of Homs, Rajba, and all the other areas ... Read More

Original Article

The role of the Religion in the Political agenda of the great countries 1839-1914

Amed Wahab; Amanj Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 306-323

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10224

Abstract

Religion was a way of the great countries plan to impose their Powers in Kurdistan , because this is an economically rich region located on the trade routes betwen east ... Read More Religion was a way of the great countries plan to impose their Powers in Kurdistan , because this is an economically rich region located on the trade routes betwen east and west, and a section of its population, Jews and Christians of all walks of life. Great countries may try under the petext of protecting Christians and im posing their powers in Kurdistan, and declare the the campaign against the Kurds because of their attacks against Christians, Although the Ottoman Empire may give the rights of Jews and Christians according to the Mullah rgime, But it did not reduce the pressures of the great states, so betwen the years (1839-1876) the state tooke out some data to reduce these are sure to protect Jews and Christians from the attacks of the Kurds and the Sherks, I have allocated my article(16-61)in the treaties Sanstefano and Berlin, the Kurds may declear against the articles under the pretext of a means by the great states of the occupation of Kurdistan, But in(1914), it my try to appoint two foreign rulers in the region to enforce the law, which was rejected by the Ottoman Empire. The reason behind choosing this topic is there is not special research in universities on the subject, despite the may sources that refer to the attacks of Kurds and Sherkas against Christians, and we have relied in this research on the historical curriculum and some other curricul such as Ranky and Analysis. This study had a number of limitations. Firstly, shortage of academic and scientific sources in Kurdish was a big obstacle. This made the researcher get sources from other languages and translate them into Kurdish which was very difficult and time consuming. Secondly, Covid 19 was another big obstacle that led to closing many libraries for a long period of time; besides, the researcher himself was a victim of Covid 19. Finally, this study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one focuses on the conflicts between the great countries and their flow to Kurdistan, and the second Chapter is about the organizations (1839-1876), the rights contined for Christians in the reform statements,and the last research summarized the attempts of the great states with reason to preserve Christians from the attacks of Kurds and Cherks and their pressure on the Ottoman Empire The study ends with presenting the conclusion of the study .

Original Article

Basic principles of social development and its obstacles

Talar Mustafa; Payman Majid

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 324-338

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10225

Abstract

Development is a complex process; it is the product of the interaction of the elements that are related to the movement and progress of society as a result of quantitative and qualitative ... Read More

Original Article

The explanation of obtained master thesis and doctoral dissertation from media department of university of sulaimani (2007_2018)

Roza Hama Mirza; Jawad Hussein; Fouad Ahmad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 339-349

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10226

Abstract

The explanation of obtained master thesis and doctoral dissertation from media department of university of sulaimani (2007_2018) This is about the explanation of those ... Read More

Original Article

دابه‌شبوونی جوگرافیای به‌رهه‌می دانه‌وێڵه‌ی گه‌نم له‌ قه‌زای كه‌لارله‌ نێوان ساڵی (2010-2020)

Lais Mohammad; Karwan Hasan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 350-362

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10227

Abstract

Kalar district is located in the south-east of Kurdistan region and north-east of Iraq. Consists of the sub-districts(Rzgary –Pebaz –Shex tawel), it will btween both wide ... Read More

Original Article

ڕۆڵی سه‌نته‌ره‌كانی ئۆتیزم له‌ كه‌مكردنه‌وه‌ی گرفتی خێزانی منداڵی ئۆتیزم توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌كی مه‌یدانیه‌ له‌ سه‌نته‌ره‌كانی ئۆتیزم له‌ شاری سلێمانی

Kuestan Abdullah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 363-388

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10228

Abstract

Autism is a contemporary disease and it is one of the psychological and mental disorders that some children can be suffered from it and felt it since they are three years old. Due to ... Read More Autism is a contemporary disease and it is one of the psychological and mental disorders that some children can be suffered from it and felt it since they are three years old. Due to the problems happen in the mental development of the sufferer, this research focuses on (The Role of the Autism Centers in Decreasing the Familial Problems of the Children with Autism). In addition, this research is an effort that aims at showing and taking care of the problems of those families that have children with autism. Further, presenting the role of the Autism Centers in minimizing the obligations and the issues that the families that have children with autism. That is why; a plan should be prepared to provide various services to those families. The whole parts of this research focus on an introduction into the Autism Centers with the Kurdish Society and those families who have children with autism in Sulaimani. At the end of this research, we will find out that due to collecting the detailed information about the Autism Centers in Sulaimani Governorate through direct visits, and getting benefit from the sources and diving the questionnaires over those families who have children with autism, we reached to meet the objectives and presented those common problems that the Autism Centers faces while observing those affected children. Throughout the interviews that we have been done with the directors of those centers, we noticed that all of them face some common problems and they are diagnosing children with autism, financial problems that they have suffered recently due to the financial crisis. In addition, they focused on the incompatibility of the centers, as there is no specialized building for that disease to protect the children with autism. The final objective was to present the roles of the autism centers in minimizing the social problems of the family who have autistic child. We reached to the point that the autism centers could provide assistance the support for the families with autistic child such as holding awareness courses and workshops, and give several special programs to the families so that it guides them the way that they should treat with the autistic kids inside the house based on implementing the new system. Another effort that they made is making the individuals of the society aware of autism disorder of the families who have autistic kids. Thus, once they are interacting with the other people, others will see them as inferiors. By looking at the findings of the research in which it was taken after obtaining the rates of the tables and we reached to a conclusion that (40%) of the mothers who have child with autism are literate and they have diploma, that has a great impact on the awareness of the mother in educating the autistic kids. Moreover, we reached to a point that (81%) of the parents are not relatives of each other, so that tells us that the genetics is stronger than the autism disorder in comparison to the relative relations. In addition, we found out that (46%) of the families are deprived of sending their autistic kids to the autism centers due to the differences of their monthly salary. (73%) of the families do not change their relations with the other children because of having an autism child. Concerning the Autism Centers, (100 %) of the staffs that work in the centers believe that the centers help the autistic kids and (91%) of the same staffs believe that the programs of the centers are beneficial for the family. In addition, the families were affected in working outside due to the influence of the autistic child.

Original Article

Evaluating level suitability of the landforms in the Zamaqi Valley Basin for Human uses

Omed Hamabaqi OmedHama

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 389-396

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10229

Abstract

The main goal of the research is to evaluate of suitability landforms in the Zamaqi valley basin for Human uses, dependence on satellite images which have been received from (Landsat8 ... Read More

Original Article

Case Morphemes in the Kurmanji and Hawrami Dialects

Rokan Muhammad; Salem Aziz

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 397-409

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10230

Abstract

This research is entitled "Case Morphemes in the Kurmanji and Hawrami Dialects”, which lays emphasis on the case and its morphemes in the aforementioned dialects. In the research, ... Read More

Original Article

Semantics of the word question in Kurdish language

Bestun Ahmed; Bahiya Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 410-419

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10231

Abstract

This paper is entitled the semantics of why-words in Central Kurdish. In addition to the introduction, the paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the notion of generative semantics ... Read More

Original Article

هۆکارەکانى نووسینى گەشتنامە و یاداشت لاى گەڕیدە و دیپلۆماتکارە بەریتانییەکان (١٨٠٠_١٨٥٠)

Zagros Wali; Mahdi Qadir

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 420-430

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10232

Abstract

This research focuses on how British explorers and diplomats came to Kurdistan in the first half of the nineteenth century and presents the most important motives that played a role ... Read More

Original Article

ڕۆڵی پێگە ئەلیكترۆنییە كوردییەكان لە پێكهێنانی هۆشیاریی ڕۆشنبیریی لای خوێندكارانی زانكۆ لە هەرێمی كوردستاندا (توێژینەوەیەکی مەیدانییە)

Yahia Reshawi; Oral Hussein

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 431-444

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10233

Abstract

With the advancement of technology, the media has also developed greatly and the tools of media have competed among themselves to have the greatest impact on the recipient in terms ... Read More With the advancement of technology, the media has also developed greatly and the tools of media have competed among themselves to have the greatest impact on the recipient in terms of form and content. In the midst of that, and depending on the World Wide Web (Internet), the Kurdish websites came into existence, as one of the results and outcomes of this situation, and had a role and influence through a wide range of methods and tools in shaping individual awareness in general and cultural awareness in particular.This study is a descriptive research based on the survey method and tool of the questionnaire (questionnaire form) in the form of a random sample of students of public universities in all the four governorates of the Kurdistan Region, which include the universities of (Salah al-Din - Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok and Halabja), where data were collected from them.The main objective of this study is:Identifying the extent of the use of Kurdish websites among university students in the Kurdistan Region, as well as identifying the cultural issues published by Kurdish websites that are of interest to university students, and knowing the level of awareness of university students in the Kurdistan Region through their use of websites.The study reached several conclusions, including:The majority of university students in the Kurdistan Region (83%) use Kurdish websites, and according to statistical relationships, the more they use Kurdish websites, the higher their cultural awareness. The majority of university students use Kurdish websites (20%) because of (ease of understanding in terms of language) and (19%) because of (speed of delivery). However, (24%) consider (lack of information in these websites) one of the most important reasons for not using Kurdish websites by university students in the Kurdistan Region. On the other hand, (32%) of college students use Kurdish websites for 1-2 hours per day. Also, educational websites (18%) are the most prominent types of Kurdish websites used by university students in the Kurdistan Region.

Original Article

Geographical distribution of industrial activity and its spatial patterns In Bazian District

Ahmed Esma'i; Nawshirwan Ali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 445-452

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10234

Abstract

The industrial activities had a huge impact on progressing economy in the countries which the principle of all countries depend on it and the importance of this activity is has progressed ... Read More

Original Article

The Role of Syntax and Semantics of Connectives in simple sentences, in terms of the theory of Government and Banding in Kurdish languages

Bazhdar AbdulManaf; Salah Rasul

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 476-487

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10237

Abstract

This research is entitled (The Role of Syntax and Semantics of Connectives in simple sentences, in terms of the theory of Government and Banding in Kurdish languages). Connectives have ... Read More

Original Article

Metaphor Cognition of Animals’ name in Kurdish Language (In Daily Speech)

BAHRA HAM HGARIB

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 488-496

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10238

Abstract

This research deals with the act of metaphor cognition of animals/ name which improve language comprehension in a better way than before. So it is the responsibility of researchers ... Read More This research deals with the act of metaphor cognition of animals/ name which improve language comprehension in a better way than before. So it is the responsibility of researchers to show and explain the way of cognitive linguistics. As we have tried to mention them in the clearest ways. The main aim of this research is an attempt to linguistic analysis and research in metaphor aspect, which it is an important tool of cognitive linguistic. The main point of this research is to focus on perceptual linguistics; the description-analysis method is used, the samples are taken from daily speech, to reach satisfactory outcomes, because the cognitive linguistic will change according to variant experience. Cognition is unshakeable base to research on metaphor, to ask on what the act metaphor cognition rely on, Because of the source domain and the target domain, we have seen our perception for the expressed, In the frame of conceptual metaphor. The research beside of an introduction and conclusion is consists of three sections: the first one is about cognition. The first sub-section of this section is about the science of cognitive language. The second sub-section is on cognition structure or base and theories. The second section is about metaphor. The first sub-section is about the major and minor meaning in metaphor. The second sub-section includes the cognitive metaphor. The third sub-section is about the tools (devices) of cognitive metaphor. The final section is about metaphor cognition of animals ’name in Kurdish language in daily speeches and conversations. The first sub-section of this final section is on metaphorical using of animals’ name to covey bad and good meaning and messages. The second one does include metaphorical cognition of animals’ name via voices. The third one includes metaphorical cognition of animals’ name via appearances. The last one contains metaphorical cognition of animals’ name via behaviours.

Original Article

The level of superstition believe mindset by educators in basic education system in the city of sulaymanyah

Bakhtyar Fatah; Ahmed Hama

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 497-507

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10239

Abstract

The researcher is trying to conduct sociological analysis of the understanding and believing superstitions by the kurdish sociologists and teachers. Superstition is used as scientific ... Read More

Original Article

The dominance of persuasion in interpretation and communication

Avesta mahmud; Bakhan Abdulrahman

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 508-521

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10240

Abstract

This research is part of the doctoral thesis requirements entitled Perception domain in interpretation and communication of speech, this study is in the field of psychological language ... Read More

Original Article

Developing archaeological, historical and religious tourism capabilities of the Chamchamal district

Kazem Sadreddin; Jaza Taleb

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 522-533

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10241

Abstract

Tourism activities play a crucial role in identifying the history, civilization and beliefs of the nations of the world. In the Archaeological and historical tourism and in the religious ... Read More

Original Article

The role of scientific debates in eliminating sectarian fanaticism and intellectual extremism (The Abbasid era is a model)

Idrees Ismail; Jamal bajalan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 534-541

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10242

Abstract

This study is one of the studies that focus on the role of scientific debates in eliminating sectarian fanaticism and intellectual extremism in the Abbasid era .This was one of the ... Read More

Original Article

Legal regulation of electronic media in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq

IMAN JALAL

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 542-557

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10243

Abstract

The change from traditional media to electronic media requires the necessary controls and laws to suit its surroundings, we have to also mention that there’s no correct definition ... Read More The change from traditional media to electronic media requires the necessary controls and laws to suit its surroundings, we have to also mention that there’s no correct definition of electronic media, but a group of experts defined it as follows: “electronic media is the media that relies in its formation and dissemination on electronic elements that replace traditional tools with modern techniques of electronic communication such as the Internet. This study entitled (Legal regulation of electronic media in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq) aims to familiarize themselves with the overall media legislation and the nature of the laws and texts regulating the electronic media, especially in light of the rapid changes and transformations in which the electronic media plays a major role. And exploring the future of electronic media in light of new laws, and establishing a knowledge base about electronic media legislation in the Kurdistan Region through this study, which can be a reference in this field. In order to reach the objectives of the study, the researcher chose the analytical descriptive approach, and to answer the main question of the study which is, (What are the most important legal and regulatory controls set by the legislator that applies to the contents of electronic media to prevent and remove negative effects of electronic media?), the study was divided into two sections, the first section dealt with the entrance to electronic media and the second section with the punitive provisions in electronic media legislation. Among the most important findings of the study were: Despite the implementation of the Law (Preventing Misuse of Telecommunications Devices No. 6 of 2008), issued in the Kurdistan Region to confront the dangers of cybercrime, it is necessary to build on and further amend this law. Law No. 6 of 2008 is not only for journalists, but for citizens as well. Judges are forced to apply this law because social networks are not mentioned in the Journalism Law.

Original Article

انحلال العلاقة الزوجية والعوامل التي أدت الی إرتفاعه فی إقلیم کردستان – العراق دراسة فقهية تطبيقية

Muhammad Qader

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 558-575

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10244

Abstract

This study is a jurisprudence analysis of the dissolution of marriage in the Kurdistan region - Iraq. The dissolution of marriage begins with a very important process that is marriage, ... Read More

Original Article

psychological resilience and characteristics of avoidant personality in people with special needs

Bnar Rostam; Yousif Mustafa

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 576-586

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10245

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal the level of psychological resilience and characteristics of avoidant personality, and to reveal the relationship between psychological resilience and avoidant ... Read More

Original Article

Building a battery to test the physical abilities of juniors volleyball players

Bayar Ali Kan; Muhammad Shehab

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 587-596

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10246

Abstract

The aim of the research is to firstly build physical tests for volleyball in order to nominate them within the final battery vocabulary, and secondly to extract a battery of special ... Read More

Original Article

Sale by installments and the like in the Islamic jurisprudential perspective

Khalid Ali; Mohammed Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 597-611

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10247

Abstract

In recent years, a phenomenon has appeared that has pervaded the majority of people in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and you rarely find a family or one of its members who did not participate ... Read More

Original Article

The effect of transferring the effect of learning according to the left and right brain patterns on the skills of high and low drums for students in basketball

Rebin fathullah; Zana Mhamad Salh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 612-623

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10248

Abstract

Determine the right and left dominant pattern of the research sample. Recognizing the effect of transferring the effect of learning according to the left and right brain patterns on ... Read More

Original Article

The impact of an educational approach to the transmission of inverted vertical learning for the skills of the front and back straight blow in table tennis

ZIYAD HUSSEIN; SHLER ABDULKAREEM

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 624-630

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10249

Abstract

The research aims to identify the impact of an educational curriculum inverted vertical learning transfer for the front and back straight kick skills in table tennis, and to reveal ... Read More

Original Article

فاعلية الذات والموضوع- نزار قباني أنموذجا

Zhino Ali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 631-639

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10250

Abstract

Literature, in general, is a human and social phenomenon which cannot be comprehended accurately except through the Self-efficacy and the subject. Moreover, the process of crafting ... Read More

Original Article

The prevailing thinking styles among university students and technical institutes and their relationship to the habits of mind in the light of some variable

Shwan Saeed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 640-654

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10251

Abstract

The current research aims to identify the prevailing ways of thinking among university students and technical institutes and their relationship to the habits of the mind according to ... Read More The current research aims to identify the prevailing ways of thinking among university students and technical institutes and their relationship to the habits of the mind according to some variables. The research sample consisted of (288) male and female students from Garmian University and Kalar Technical institute for the academic year 2021-2022. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used two scales: a scale for ways of thinking according to the theory (Harrison & Bramison, 1982) consisting of (20) attitudes (phrase), and a scale for the habits of mind according to the theory (Costa 2005), which consists of (38) items, and after the investigation of the psychometric properties was applied to the research sample of the students of the last stages (the morning study) who were chosen randomly according to the variables of the location (university or institute) and gender. After analyzing the data, the study has shown: Both ideal and synthetic thinking are the highest averages, respectively, for university students, followed by other methods of thinking. As for students of technical institutes, both analytical and realistic thinking are the highest averages, then other methods of thinking. There are statistically significant differences in thinking styles among students due to the location variable and in favor of Garmian university students, while there are no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. There are statistically significant differences in the habits of mind among students due to the variable location and in favor of Garmian university students, while there are no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. There is a correlation between the styles of thinking (synthetic, ideal, analytical, realistic) and the habits of mind, while there is no correlation between the practical thinking style and the habits of mind among students. The study concluded with a set of recommendations related to the topics.

Original Article

The effect of using (S.A.Q) exercises in developing the forehand and backhand skills of table tennis players

Amer Ali; Haval Rafeeq

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 655-663

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10252

Abstract

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of exercises according to the (S.A.Q) style on the results of the pre and post tests of the skill variables under study among the members ... Read More The aim of the research is to identify the effect of exercises according to the (S.A.Q) style on the results of the pre and post tests of the skill variables under study among the members of the two groups (the control and experimental). The members of the two groups (controller and experimental). After the researchers conducted the exploratory experiment, he touched on the tribal and remote tests, videography, the training curriculum, as well as the statistical methods. The researcher prepared two skill tests for the forehand and backhand and developed a curriculum for a period of two months, represented by several exercises to be applied through the training units that were divided into (8 weeks) in each week (3) training units in which the specified curriculum is applied. The researchers reached the following conclusions: - The exercises in the style of (S.A.Q) that were applied by the experimental group have achieved a positive development in the skill of the forehand and the skill of the backhand. - The exercises in the style of (S.A.Q) that table tennis players applied were prepared according to the principles of sports training in terms of training unit times, intensity and size, which were consistent with the requirements and specificity of table tennis in terms of exercises and their course, which had a positive impact on the level of players. - The skill abilities of the experimental group developed in the post-test due to their use of exercises in the (S.A.Q) style. - The exercises in the style of (S.A.Q) that were applied through the training units had an important role in the progress and development of the players in the offensive skills, especially the skills of the forehand and backhand, and achieving positive results during the implementation of instructions during the training units. - The development in the skill abilities was positively reflected on the general skill level of the players because it is one of the basic requirements for the game of table tennis.

Original Article

توفيقات الإمام ابن حبان في صحيحه في بيان تضاد ما جاء عن عدد ركعات النبي التي صلاها بالليل نفلاً

Abbas Abdul Karim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 664-675

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10253

Abstract

This research is a model to show the genius of Imam Ibn Hibban in the field of reconciling contradictory hadiths, and I have summarized it in several of the following points: 1- In ... Read More

Original Article

الخطاب القرآني المباشر للمرأة مقارنة بالرجل ـ آيات مختارة ـ

Abdul Rahman Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 676-690

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10254

Abstract

The speech of God Almighty in the Holy Qur’an varies according to what is required by the discourse or the situation, and among these types is the direct speech of the same person: ... Read More

Original Article

technical reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of “narrative opposition” in contemporary Arab novelist discourse

Ramadan Karim; Ali Ahmed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 691-699

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10255

Abstract

This research, tagged with (technical reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of “narrative opposition” in contemporary Arab novelist discourse), is summarized as a ... Read More

Original Article

Adjective patterns and its transformations in the Diwan of Ali Mahmoud Taha Al-Muhandis - a grammatical study

Kawakib Gafur; Kubra Hussain

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 700-709

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10256

Abstract

In this study, I endeavored to present a descriptive picture of the epithet and its transformative patterns according to the ancient grammatical approach in the poetry of a poet of ... Read More

Original Article

Believing in Al-Mahdi between Yazidis and Shia Comparative study

AZAD SIMO

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 710-722

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10257

Abstract

Believing in the rise of the Savior is an old belief in humanity. And through The study of religions we focus on this point. It is Worth mentioning that althyall religions agree on ... Read More

Original Article

Demographics of Medina- Yathrib- (Jews as a model)

Dilshad Karim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 723-733

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10258

Abstract

The Jews were a group of people that made many migrations between the borders of the Levant, Egypt, Iraq, and the Hijaz. Wherever they settledthey were the subject of controversy and ... Read More

Original Article

تكييف المسؤولية المدنية المترتبة على الإخلال بمبدأ الاحتجاج بالتصرف القانوني دراسة تحليلية مقارنة في القانون المدني

Ismail Hussein; Rebwar Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 734-745

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10259

Abstract

Civil liability is of two types, one of them is contractual, and the second is tortious. The first arises when the legal behavior of its parties is violated, and the second arises if ... Read More

Original Article

The Aesthetics Of Attention And The Game Of Pronouns In The Poetry Of Hakim Nadim Daoudi

Abdullah Salih

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 746-755

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10260

Abstract

The utility of turning points is one of the stylistic phenomena that has transcended the limits of rhetoric and entered the field of modern critical studies, as literary texts are exposed ... Read More

Original Article

Behavior at Imam Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah Thinking and remembering as a model

Mahmud Mahmud; Bahar Abdullah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 756-767

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10261

Abstract

This research reveals two models - contemplation and remembrance - which are among the important behavioral etiquette of a great Islamic scholar - Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah - in the field ... Read More

Original Article

منهج ابن السكيت(246هـ) في كتابه (الألفاظ) في جمع المادة اللغوية وتقسيمه

Zana Karim; Hiwa Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 768-781

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10262

Abstract

This study targets the efforts of one of the scientists who struggled for preserving the integrity of the Arabic language, Ya’qub Ibn Al-Sikit Al-Kufi (246 AH), where he collected ... Read More

Original Article

آراء نالي الشهرزوري العقدية في باب الإلهيات - دراسة تحليلية-

Zana Abdullah; Sabah Al-Barzanji

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 782-793

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10263

Abstract

Throughout the history of the Kurds, we have had many scholars and writers whose peers are few among the Kurds. Among them, a poet by the name of Mullah Khader—nicknamed Nali—rose ... Read More Throughout the history of the Kurds, we have had many scholars and writers whose peers are few among the Kurds. Among them, a poet by the name of Mullah Khader—nicknamed Nali—rose to appearance. More significantly, he has been recognized as one of the primary figures in the development of Kurdish literature written in the Sorani dialect in the nineteenth century and the Kurdish classical poetry school. Therefore, as part of our accountability, we performed an excellent research of the terminology and idioms employed in his book by scholars and theologians. After many years, we no longer see writers and academics among the Kurds and other nearby nations caring for his literary works. As a result, we are carrying out this tremendous and historic duty in compliance with our religious and literary responsibilities. There is no doubt that Nali was influenced by and read Arabic and Persian literature, as revealed by the fact that he wrote numerous poems about God's characteristics, worship, and monotheistic aspects, as well as faith aspects and human's will and actions. Furthermore, Nali's deep religious, cultural, and philosophical convictions—which were sparked by the Holy Quran and the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)—were what inspired him to compose numerous poems on the matter of God's worship. Therefore, throughout this study, we make an effort to acknowledge the extent to which Nali's belief in God inspired him as well as to provide dominating and substitutive knowledge of the Kurdish intellectual literature's most well-known poetries. Notwithstanding, resolving all of the questions regarding literature that are raised, including those on faith, the significance of verbal references, and sociological dilemmas. In reality, we aware that Nali was a well-known poet who specialized in discovering concepts, words, and sociological and religious idioms and articulating them in poetry lines. Even so, he often engaged in conversation about matters related to this matter with the experts of his era. It is worth pointing out that there are two primary components to the study, each of which combines two other sections. We also highlight the most significant findings from the study. We ask God for the ability to contribute to, advance, and add a new stage and page of knowledge and information to the intellectual understanding of Kurdish history, even if it is just by a single line.

Original Article

The oversight role of the legislative authority in combating administrative corruption - Iraq as a model

Rebwar Sheikh; Deria Hawez

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 794-808

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10264

Abstract

phenomenon of corruption is one of the deadly epidemics that affects any power and governance, if it does not face a scientific and realistic plan and with honest intentions and through ... Read More

Original Article

The effect of the temporal and spatial dimension in understanding the hadith "The Imams are from Quraish"

Bahzad Wahab; Suleiman Ibrahim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 809-819

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10265

Abstract

The system of government in Islamic law is one of the important topics in Islam, and there are related texts from the Qur’an and the hadiths. So, a good understanding of these ... Read More

Original Article

The effect of linking with the apparent pronoun and what replace it in the divan of the poet Abdul Mohsen Al -Kadimi

Kawakeb Gafur; Akram Saber

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 820-832

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10266

Abstract

The sentence in Arabic is considered the main semantic and structural unit in the language communication process between the speaker and the recipient For this reason it uses a range ... Read More

Original Article

Building cognitive distortions among female students of some faculties of physical education and sports sciences for swimming subject

Mohammed Hameed; Said Said

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 833-840

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10267

Abstract

The research aims to build cognitive distortions among female students of some faculties of physical education and sports sciences for swimming subject in (Kurdistan Region - Iraq).The ... Read More The research aims to build cognitive distortions among female students of some faculties of physical education and sports sciences for swimming subject in (Kurdistan Region - Iraq).The research community is represented by the female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, represented by (206) female students Distributors of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in some universities of the Kurdistan Region - Iraq.The construction sample was chosen by the intentional method, consisting of (108) students from the total research community, i.e. (52.42%) of the total research community. Through the researchers’ briefing on Arab and foreign scientific sources, research and studies, and within the limits of their knowledge, it was found that there is no measurement of cognitive distortions in swimming for female students. Therefore, the researchers decided to build a measure of cognitive distortions for female students in order for the swimming teacher to use it to know the percentage of cognitive distortions among students. The researchers used the scientific procedures used to build the scale, as well as a number of statistical methods to treat the results obtained, such as (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient).The researchers reached to construct a scale of cognitive distortions for female students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, which has high scientific coefficients (veracity and stability), which allows it to be used in the research community. (blaming oneself and others, unfair comparison, exaggeration and underestimation, helplessness.)The researchers recommended the use of the scale in identifying the cognitive distortions of the students while they were taking the swimming course, as well as the recommendation to use this scale in examining the relationship between cognitive distortions and a number of other variables.

Original Article

Positive Psychological capital and self-awareness among university students

Awat Hamza; Yousif Mustafa

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 841-852

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10268

Abstract

In the current research, the researchers aim to identify the positive psychological capital and self-awareness of the students of Salah Al-Din University, through the objectives of ... Read More In the current research, the researchers aim to identify the positive psychological capital and self-awareness of the students of Salah Al-Din University, through the objectives of the research, which are to indicate the levels of positive psychological capital and self-awareness in the sample as a whole, and to identify the semantics of the differences between its computational and hypothetical media, and to find the nature of the relationship between the variables of the study (positive psychological capital, its dimensions and self-awareness) in the sample as a whole. Suitable for the study of correlation relationships between variables, and the detection of differences between them in order to describe and analyze the phenomenon studied. The statistical community of research consists of university students represented by the scientific and humanitarian faculties of Salah al-Din University in Erbil Governorate for the academic year (2022-2021), and the number of students has reached (24,982), male and female students.The research sample included (432) male and female students, and was selected in a random class method from Salahaddin University. The research sample at Salahaddin University was divided according to the faculties with specializations (scientific and humanitarian). The two researchers at the university chose six faculties, namely (engineering, science and agriculture, arts, law, and economic management) by (72) students for each of the faculties equally according to sex by (32) males and (32) females alike.The data from the research sample was based on the following:1- Preparation of a measure to measure positive psychological capital, which was consisted in its final form after completing the conditions of honesty and constancy and distinguished from (32) paragraphs and five alternatives to the affirmative. 2- Adopt the (Aziz 2015) scale of (25) paragraphs and five alternatives to the answer. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers applied the two measurements to the research sample, the data were analyzed using the statistical use of the Social Sciences and Education (SPSS), and the results were as follows.1-High level of positive psychological capital and level of self-awareness among university students in D.

Original Article

Designing a program according to the proposed strategies has an impact on developing some creative thinking skills in mathematics among seventh grade students in gifted schools

Muayad Mahmoud; Karim Qarjtani; Aryan Muhammad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 853-874

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10269

Abstract

The aim of the research is to design a program according to the proposed strategies and its impact on developing some creative thinking skills in mathematics among seventh-grade students ... Read More

Original Article

Classification of learners according to grades and standard levels in some physical abilities in basketball

Hiwa Ahmad; Haidar Ahmad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 875-884

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10270

Abstract

The following is the study's main goal: Identifying some of the research sample's physical basketball skills. Classification of learners according to grades and standard levels ... Read More The following is the study's main goal: Identifying some of the research sample's physical basketball skills. Classification of learners according to grades and standard levels in some physical abilities of basketball The descriptive approach in the survey method was used in the research procedures to help the researcher solve his research problem. The research community was made up of second-year students from the departments and faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the eight institutions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, totaling (498) students during the academic year (2021-2022). (Garmian, Zakho, Dohuk, Koya, Salah al-Din, Halabja, Sulaymaniyah, Soran). The researchers used a questionnaire to identify and suggest physical ability tests, and they used the statistical package (SPSS) and the (EXCEL) program to find Statistical means (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, relative importance, weighted or weighted arithmetic). The research sample consisted of (120) students and a percentage of (24.09%) from the original research community. The research sample (the educated) under examination was classified using a set of physical abilities. 2- Standard ratings for some physical abilities were found and established in order to categorize the research sample (the educated). 3- The research sample (the educated) was divided into three tiers based on physical prowess (high - medium - low). 4- The majority of the research sample (the educated) fell into the category of average physical ability. The educated make up the smallest percentage of the research sample, and their physical aptitudes fall into the low classification range. The following were the key recommendations: Using the physical ability tests that were employed in the research as a classification process indicator, especially for students. Using the grades and standard levels (high, medium, and poor) developed in this study to categorize students in physical education and sports science departments at colleges in the Kurdistan area of Iraq, particularly in basketball. The demand for such research and studies on female students in colleges and physical education and sports science departments.

Original Article

صفة الجاني في المساهمة في الجريمة

Hussein Issa; Wria Khosrow

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 885-901

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10271

Abstract

Contribution to the crime is the commission of a crime by a number of people where the responsibility of each person is determined according to the role they play in committing the ... Read More

Original Article

Spatial variation of industrial services in the City of Soran (A Study in the geography of industry)

Aamang Hamad Amin

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 902-913

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10272

Abstract

the industrial sector is one of the main branches of important economic activities that has helped to develop cities and their economic prosperity. The service industries are one of ... Read More

Original Article

The authenticity of the Hadith of Al-Ahad in the beliefs and rulings according to Imam Al-Bukhari

Karwan Ali; Ismail Jalal

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 914-925

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10273

Abstract

This research deals with an important fundamental issue in the field of inference, which is the authenticity of Isolated Hadith and how to deal with it in legal rulings and doctrinal ... Read More

Original Article

The Effectiveness of Educational Curriculum for a Number of Diverse Educational Tools in Learning the Art of Performance of Some Basic Skills in Volleyball

Karwan Fahd; Zana Muhammad Saleh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 926-936

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10274

Abstract

This research aims at the following: Identify effectiveness of the educational curriculum for a number of diverse educational tools in learning the art of performing some basic volleyball ... Read More This research aims at the following: Identify effectiveness of the educational curriculum for a number of diverse educational tools in learning the art of performing some basic volleyball skills. Identify the effectiveness of the curriculum adopted in learning the art of performing some basic volleyball skills Determine the variations between the two study groups in the post-tests to discover the most effective learning approaches for the art of performing basic volleyball skills. The researcher has utilized an experimental method for this research due to its compatibility with the nature of this research by using the design of the an experimental and a control group with pre- and post-test ,The sample of research consisted of 14 beginner players, They were divided into equal groups ,Both homogeneity and equality were achieved between the groups of research, Then the researcher prepared an educational curriculum for skills (top to front pass, down passing with arms, volleyball tennis serves), and the educational curriculum consisted of (12) educational units distributed over (6) weeks, with two educational units were completed every week. The research has reached the following conclusions: The educational curriculum based on educational tools which was applied on all members of the experimental groups has positive effectiveness in learning the art of performance of all basic volleyball skills. The followed educational curriculum which was applied at all members of the controlling groups has positive effectiveness in learning the art of performance of all basic volleyball skills. The educational curriculum according to the auxiliary tools applied to the members of the experimental group has the superiority over the curriculum applied to the members of the control group in learning the art of performing basic volleyball skills. The educational curriculum according to the auxiliary tools applied to members of the experimental group contributed significantly to learning basics of volleyball skills in comparison with the curriculum applied to members of the control group.

Original Article

نسبة مساهمة بعض القدرات البدنية الخاصة والعقلية في أداء التصويب السلمي بكرة السلة

Hassan Rustam Khan; Ali Muhammad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 937-941

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10275

Abstract

The importance of the research was manifested in the investigation of the contribution of the special physical and mental abilities and their effective role in the performance of the ... Read More

Original Article

The importance of applying operational auditing in developing the efficiency and effectiveness of human resource performance A field study in a sample of private hospitals in the Kurdistan Region

Muhammad Hama Saeed; Ayad Sultan

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 942-957

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10276

Abstract

The research aims to identify the importance of applying operational auditing in developing the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources performance in a sample of private hospitals ... Read More

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Original Article

الرفق والتأني في دعوة النبي  وأثرهما في استجابة الدعوة

Yadgar Star

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 958-971

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10277

Abstract

Islam depends on the principle of gentleness and deliberation generally in all aspects of life, because gentleness and deliberation are among the characteristics of great men ... Read More Islam depends on the principle of gentleness and deliberation generally in all aspects of life, because gentleness and deliberation are among the characteristics of great men and the morals of men who adhere to and closely attached to it and follow the Sunnah of the Messenger of God , for he is the one who said: ((O Aisha, Kindness is not found to be in anything but that it adds to it’s beauty and it’s not withdrawn from anything but it makes it defective)). So The preachers should be kind to people and treat them in the best manner, Treating poeple with compassion ,kindness and deliberation ,showing and expression of compassion and sympathy have a great impact on the one who instructs good and forbids evil and aims to reform society. The Prophet was the an ideal example of gentleness and deliberation in calling people and treating their mistakes, with a spirit of compassion, sympathy, kindness , and knowledge of the motives that led to their lapses, and working to remedy them. The Prophet never acknowledge harshness and violence, but considered harshness and violence in treating people a kind of alienation from this religion This research reveals two models - contemplation and remembrance - which are among the important behavioral etiquette of a great Islamic scholar - Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah - in the field of behavior education and etiquette, and aims to reveal their true concept and the relationship between them; and their educational ethics to modify behavior; At one of the scholars of Islam; To clarify clearly the features of the Islamic educational school, especially in the field of human behavior and etiquette. In the educational process, and the presence of an abundance of educational behavioral etiquette for these two characteristics referred to on the behavior of the individual, which Ibn al-Qayyim gleaned from the Holy Qur’an, the correct Sunnah of the Prophet, and the sayings of the gnostics and imams; And his experiences of faith and reality, so the research shows that Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah is an educational reformer who gave the individual's morals and behavior great care, and drew attention to how to properly educate them, to create a sound Islamic personality, which gives the individual a wide religious culture about life and how to live in it. Therefore, this research came to explain (gentleness and deliberation in the call of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and its impact on the call), and I used the analytical approach in this study, bringing the texts and then analyzing them, and divided this research into two sections: The first topic: the definition of the terms of the title, and it includes three demands: the first requirement, Definition of kindness and deliberation linguistically and idiomatically, the second requirement: the definition of the call and the Prophet (peace be upon him) , the third requirement, the basics and controls of kindness and deliberation, and the second topic: important controls and differences related to the title, it includes three demands: the first requirement, the difference between kindness and deliberation, the second requirement, kindness between excess and Negligence , third requirement: effects of kindness and deliberation from the Qur’an and Sunnah in calling to God At the end of this research, I reached the following results:. 1-Kindness and deliberation are among the most important pillars of Islam and the approach of the Prophets (peace be upon them) in calling to God. 2-The principle of da’wah is gentleness and deliberation, and sometimes it may require severity and harshness in some advocacy situations, if stubbornness, arrogance and disregard for the da’wah appear. 3-Consider and reflect on the consequences of harshness and distress, and take into account the benefits and harms. And I ask God to accept it from me and benefit the Muslims, and may God’s peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers.

Original Article

Translating Cultural -Specific Terms from ahdini Kurdish into English: A Case of Compliments in Bahdini Spoken Language

Hazem Ali; Nazar Mohammed; Ahmad l Khali

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 972-980

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10278

Abstract

Translating culture-specific terms is not an easy task as it comprises a number of problems and challenges. One of the biggest challenges that may the translators face when translating ... Read More

Original Article

The Syllable Structure and Re-syllabification in Kalhouri Spoken in Khanaqin with reference to English

Hazhar Tofiq; Twana Hamid

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 981-992

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10279

Abstract

Th general assumption about the world languages is that group themselves into constituents known as syllables. Whereas the existence of syllable is a principle in the world’s ... Read More

Original Article

The Representation of Women in English and Kurdish Magazines’ Cover Pages: A Critical Multimodal Perspective

Mohammed Kareem; Elham Qadir

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 993-1014

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.223.10280

Abstract

This paper explores the multimodal discourses that underpin the representation of women in English and Kurdish magazines' cover pages (MCP) with a view to determine the ... Read More

Original Article

The Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Improving the Vocabulary Range of Postgraduate Students

Hero Said Mohammed Nuri; Nadhim Azeez; Awat Mustafa

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1015-1022

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10281

Abstract

This research attempted to examine the effects of using blended learning on the vocabulary improvement of English as a foreign language (EFL). A quasi-experimental research design was ... Read More

Original Article

The Correlation between Kurdish EFL University Students' Self-Efficacy and their Motivation: A Socio-Cognitive Study

Othman Abdulrahman; Ayad Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1023-1038

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10282

Abstract

The problem addressed in this study is simply represented by the type of uncertainty or controversy that may exist over the nature and level of self-efficacy of Kurdish EFL university ... Read More

Original Article

Teaching english speaking skill at preparatory schools in sulaimani city

Bekhal Muhedeen; Awara Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1039-1045

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10283

Abstract

The present study tries to find out how teaching speaking skills is taught in the preparatory schools in Sulaymaniyah city and how the teachers exploit the speaking activities in the ... Read More

Original Article

Social Anxiety Symptoms as Predictors of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety among Kurdish EFL Students: Mediating Role of Acceptance and Action

Sherwan Aziz; Rawezh Ibrahim; Barham Abubaker

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1046-1055

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10285

Abstract

The current study examines the direct and indirect effects of social anxiety symptoms on Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety (FLSA). In the model, action and acceptance of social anxiety ... Read More

Original Article

Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension procedures in the analysis of Donald Trump''''s interview on HBO.

Aso Muhammad; Suhair Mohammed

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1056-1074

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10286

Abstract

The current study intends to employ relevance-theoretic comprehension procedures on Donald Trump''s HBO interview. Sperber and Wilson (1986/1995) proposed the theory as an inference-based ... Read More

Original Article

Peace education as a means to understanding and mitigating physical, structural and cultural violence against women in Iraqi Kurdistan

Maamoon Mohammed; Muhammadsaeed Barwary

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1075-1095

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10287

Abstract

In general, projects to improve human rights have been imposed on Iraqi Kurdistan by external agencies and have often been criticised for not being sensitive to the real needs of the ... Read More

Original Article

Polyphony in Poetry: A Study of selected English and Kurdish Modern Lyrics

Ibrahim Murad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1096-1109

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10288

Abstract

The matter of polyphony in literature is not a new one since it has been stressed and shown throughout the history of literature in general and the English one in particular though ... Read More

Original Article

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY VIA RESTRUCTURING GOVERNMENTAL FORMAL LETTERS

Bzhar Majeed; Awin Karim

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1110-1124

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10289

Abstract

Nowadays, the economic, social and environment are considered as three major concepts in human beings’ life. However, dealing with these subsystems and maintaining them for the ... Read More

Original Article

Diction and Foregrounding in Dylan Thomas’ “And Death Shall Have No Dominion”: A Stylistic Analysis

Ziyad Hamad Ameen; Rawand Ahmad

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1125-1134

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10290

Abstract

There are various approaches to study literature from numerous perspectives. Considering analyzing poetry from stylistic viewpoint is a new trend in this context. For this reason, the ... Read More

Original Article

Developing Kurdish University Students’ Speaking Accuracy in Online Classes

Areen Muhammed; Ranjdar Rostam

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1135-1152

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10291

Abstract

This study aims to explain to university students how to use an online platform to develop speaking accuracy. Developing one's speaking skills is an essential part of learning a language. ... Read More

Original Article

Conceptual Blending in Selected English and Kurdish Religious Speeches

Hemn Muhammad Salih; Ayad Mahmood

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1153-1169

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10292

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to investigate the efficiency of Fauconnier and Turner's (2002) Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) to account for the metaphorical constructions in English and ... Read More

Original Article

An Investigation into the Use of Oral Communication Strategies by Senior Kurdish EFL University Students

Sakar Mikaeli; Barham Abdulrahman

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1170-1181

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10293

Abstract

The use of Oral Communication Strategies (OCSs) by Senior Kurdish EFL (English as a Foreign Language) university students to overcome communication breakdowns and the thoughts of their ... Read More

Original Article

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Kurdish Political Billboards in Iraqi Central Election

Midya Majeed; Aseel Faiq

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1182-1194

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10294

Abstract

Multimodal discourse analysis is the analysis of language besides other modalities (pictures, gestures, video images, films, etc.). To use this approach for investigating political ... Read More

Original Article

A Construal-Based Approach to English Aspect

Mustafa Saleh; Azad Fatah

Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2023, Pages 1195-1207

https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2023.10295

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate English Aspect from the viewpoint of cognitive dynamic construal of scanning. To achieve that, Langacker’s construal theory (1987, 1991, ... Read More

Syntapragmatic process in Kurdish Language

khoshnaw Hama Ameen; Omar Kareem

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 148-172

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.166674

Abstract

Language is the organization of components, which includes the rules and systems. The instructions, principles, conditions and criteria, assemble the ... Read More

Geographical Analysis of the Population Growth of Koya City between (1957-2020)

Arsaln Rostam Haje; peshraw tofiq

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 1-15

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.163856

Abstract

Population growth is an important topic in population studies because society is constantly changing due to population growth and decline. Koya is the center of Koya district, one of ... Read More

The Impact of Exchange Rate Changes on The Iraqi Balance of Payments for The Period (2004-2019) A Standard Analytical Study

Ali Abas; Hemin Aziz; Hemin Ali

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 488-503

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.168063

Abstract

The exchange rate is a link in linking international economic relations, and represents one of the main pillars in directing all foreign transactions of countries, as it reflects the ... Read More

An Investigation into the Use of Oral Communication Strategies by Senior Kurdish EFL University Students

Sakar Mikaeli; Barham Abdulrahman

Volume 10, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 311-322

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2023.101026

Abstract

The use of Oral Communication Strategies (OCSs) by Senior Kurdish EFL (English as a Foreign Language) university students to overcome communication breakdowns and the thoughts of their ... Read More

The emergence and definition of women according to the method of discourse analysis in the book Rashtei Marwari by Alauddin Sajjadi

Osman Amini; Somayeh Karimi

Volume 9, Special issue (3) Conf-Sajade , November 2022, , Pages 23-34

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2022.160738

Abstract

بە‌پێی لێکدانەوەکان بەوە دەگەین کە ژنان ڕۆڵێکی بەرچاو و گرنگیان لە کۆمەڵگادا ... Read More بە‌پێی لێکدانەوەکان بەوە دەگەین کە ژنان ڕۆڵێکی بەرچاو و گرنگیان لە کۆمەڵگادا بووە و‌مشت‌ومڕێکی زۆر وبەردەوام لە سەر پێگەی کۆمەڵایەتی و کەسایەتیی ژنان کراوە. هەر ئەمە بووەتە هۆی‌ ئەوەیکە چەندین لێکۆڵینەوەی زانستی و شیکاریی لێ‌بێتەوە. لەم وتارەدا دەمانهەوێت شێوازی دەرکەوتن و پێناسەی ژنان لە کتێبی ڕشتەی مرواریی عەلائەدین سەجادی‌دا بەپێی مێتۆدی شیکاریی گوتار لێک‌بدەینەوە. شێوازی لێکۆڵینەوەی ئەم وتارە شیکاریی گوتار یان گوتارشیکاریی نۆرمان فایەرکڵافە، کە وێچووترین شێوازی لێکۆڵینەوەی ئەم شێوە دەقانەیە. فایەرکڵاف سێ ئاستی گوتاریی بۆ شیکاریی دەق دەست‌نیشان کردووە. کە بریتییە لە: ئاستی وەسفی، ئاستی ڕاڤەیی یا ڕاڤەکارانە و ئاستی تەتەڵە کردن یان تەبیین. ئەم سێ بەشەی ڕشتەی مرواری لە هەر سێ ئاستدا هەڵسەنگێندراوە. کۆی گێڕانەوەکانی کتێبی ڕشتەی مرواری عەلائەدین سەجادی٢٤١٢ گێڕانەوە لەخۆ دەگرێت؛ کە سەردێڕی سێ بەرگیان ناوی ژنانی بەسەرەوەیە و گێڕانەوەکانی تایبەتە بە ژنان. بەرگی یەکەم هەڵگری ٢٠، بەرگی دووهەم هەڵگری ٤ و بەرگی سێهەم هەڵگری ١٦ گێڕانەوەیە. بەم‌پێیە ٤٠ گێڕانەوە بەشێوەی هەڵبژاردنی کتێبخانەیی تاوتوێ کراوە. ئەنجامی لێکۆڵینەوەکە ئەوەمان بۆ دەردەخات کە لە بەرگی یەکەمدا ژن بە شێوەی ناڕاستەوخۆ لە ١٩ گێڕانەوە ڕۆڵی بەڕێوەبەر و کابانی ماڵ دەگێڕێت و لە یەک دانەیاندا وەک ئاغاژن پێناسە کراوە. لە بەرگی دووهەمدا ژن قارەمانی سەرەکی چوار گێڕانەوەیە و ڕۆڵی خوشک و ژنی زیرەکی ماڵێ دەگێڕێت؛ هەروەها لە بەرگی سێهەمدا لە ١٠گێڕانەوە ناڕاستەوخۆ بەڕێوەبەر و کابانی ماڵێیە و لە ٥ دانەشیان ڕاستەوخۆ بەڕێوەبەر و ڕۆڵی کابانی ماڵێی پێدەدا و لە یەکێکیشیاندا وەک ئاغاژن ناو‌براوە. بەگشتی ژنان لەم گێڕانەوانەدا وەک مرۆڤێکی زۆرزان، عەیار و بەمەکر دەرکەوتوون کە ئەگەرچی زۆرینەیان ژنانی ئاسایین و پلەوپایەیێکی کۆمەڵایەتیی بەرزیان نییە بەڵام سەرەڕای ئەوەش هەوڵی سەرخستنی دۆزی کۆمەڵایەتی و ئابووریی خۆیان دەدەن. لەزۆربەی گێڕانەوەکاندا ژنان هەبوونی سەربەخۆیان لە ناو دەقەکاندا هەیە و بینەری گوتار و ئاخاوتنی ژنانەیین.

Original Article

Language Redefining from levels perspective (Expressions in Kurdish Language is a Model)

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023

https://doi.org/10.24271/jgu.2021.273555.1088

Abstract

پوختەی توێژینەوەئەم توێژینەوە ناونیشانی (پێناسەکردنەوەی زمان لە گۆشەنیگای ئاستەکانییەوە، زمانی کوردی ... Read More پوختەی توێژینەوەئەم توێژینەوە ناونیشانی (پێناسەکردنەوەی زمان لە گۆشەنیگای ئاستەکانییەوە، زمانی کوردی بە نمونە) بۆ دانراوە، ئاشکرایە، زمان جۆری زۆرە وەک ( زمانی ئاماژە، زمانی غەریزەیی، زمانی هزریی ..تاد،) بەڵام ئەم جۆرە زمانانە لێرەدا توێژینەوەیان لەسەر ناکراوە، بەڵکو مەبەستمان بەرهەمی زمانە، کە ئاخاوتن و دەربرینەکانی دەگرێتەوە، کە بە دەم گۆدەکرێن و بە گوێ دەبیسترێن، یان بە دەست دەنوسرێن و بە چاو دەخوێنرێنەوە، لێرەوە زمان وەک ئامرازێک بینراوە، بۆ ئەوەی مرۆڤ بیربۆچوونی خۆیی پێدەربرێت.توێژینەوەکە لە دوو بەش پێکهاتووە: لە بەشی یەکەمدا تێۆری ئاستەکانی زمان (پێکهاتەکانی زمان) لە روانگەی بیرورایی پسپۆرانی پیێشووتر و زانایانی زانستی زمانەوە توێژینەوەی لەسەرکراوە، هاوکات رێبازی ناوەکان و چۆنییەتی کارکردن لەسەر وشە و ناو و ناونان و دووبارەناونانەوە - خراوەتەروو، هەوڵدراوە بەپێی رێبازێکی وەسفی و شیکاریی ئەنجامی زانستی ورد بەرهەم بهێنرێت.بەشی دووەم، بەشێکی کارەکییە، هەوڵدراوە بەپێی دەربڕاوی زمانی کوردی شیکردنەوەی ورد و سەلماندنی بیروراکان بخرێنەروو، لە چێوەی زانست و بۆ زیاتر روونکردنەوەی بابەتەکەیش، لە روانگەی ئایینییەوە نمونەکان شیکردنەوەیان بۆ کراوە، لە کۆتای توێژینەوەکەشدا بە شێوەیەکی زانستی پێناسەیەی زمان کراوە و یەکێک لە ئەو ئەنجامەنەیش کە پێگەیشتووین ئەوەیە: زمان لە ناو پێکدێت و ناوەکانیش جیاکەرەوەی زمانەکانن و خودی زمانەکانیش پێکدێنن، ئەرکی کؤمەڵایەتی زمانیش زیاتر ناونان و دووبارە ناونانەیەوە، لە کۆتایشدا ئەنجام و لیستی سەرەچاوەکان دانراوە.

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