ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Generalized ʎ-Closed Sets and (ʎ-ʏ)*-Continuous Function
In this paper we introduce the concept of -open set and by using this set we define generalized -closed set we obtain some of its properties and also we define -continuous function and study some of its basic properties.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65645_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
2017-07-01
1
17
10.24271/garmian.121
s-operation
-open
generalized -closed
-space
-continuous function
Alias
Khalaf
aliasbkhalaf@gmail.com
1
College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sarhad
Nami
sarhad.faiq@garmian.edu.krd
2
Mathematics Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq.
AUTHOR
1. Levine, N., Semi-open sets and semi-continuity in topological spaces. The American Mathematical Monthly, 1963. 70(1): p. 36-41.
1
2. Levine, N., Generalized closed sets in topology. Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo, 1970. 19(1): p. 89-96.
2
3. Bhattacharyya, P., Semi-generalized closed sets in topology. Indian J. Math., 1987. 29(3): p. 375-382.
3
4. Kasahara, S., Operation-compact spaces. Math. Japon., 1979. 24: p. 97-105.
4
5. B. Ahmad, S.H., Properties of γ-operations in topological spaces. Aligarh Bull. Math, 2003: p. 45-51.
5
6. F.Namiq, S., New types of continuity and separation axiom based operation in topological spaces. 2011, Sulaimani
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
-OPEN SETS AND TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
In this paper we introduce the concept ofc-open sets in topological spaces and study topological properties ofc-derived,c-closure andc-interior of a set using the concept ofc-open sets.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65646_9c9213255c3020abc76ed5447d7957ff.pdf
2017-07-01
18
42
10.24271/garmian.122
-open sets
topological spaces
-derived
-closure and -interior
Sarhad
Namiq
sarhad.faiq@garmian.edu.krd
1
Mathematics Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq.
AUTHOR
1. Levine, N., Semi-open sets and semi-continuity in topological spaces. The American Mathematical Monthly, 1963. 70(1): p. 36-41.
1
2. El-Monsef, M.A., S. El-Deeb, and R. Mahmoud, β-open sets and β-continuous mappings. Bull. Fac. Sci. Assiut Univ, 1983. 12(1): p. 77-90.
2
3. Alias B. Khalaf, S.F.N., Generalized λ-Closed Sets and 〖(λ,γ)〗^*-Continuous Functions. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2012. 3(12).
3
4. Alias B. Khalaf, S.F.N., Generalized λ-Closed Sets and 〖(λ,γ)〗^*-Continuous Functions. Journal of Garmian University 2017. Preprint.
4
5. F.Namiq, S., λ^*-R_0 and λ^*-R_1 Spaces. Journal of Garmyan University, 2014(3).
5
6. F.Namiq, S., New types of continuity and separation axiom based operation in topological spaces. 2011, Sulaimani.
6
7. Khalaf, A.B. and S.F. Namiq, [[lambda]. sub. c]-open sets and [[lambda]. sub. c]-separation axioms in topological spaces. Journal of Advanced Studies in Topology, 2013. 4(1): p. 150-159.
7
8. Levine, N., Generalized closed sets in topology. Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo, 1970. 19(1): p. 89-96.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
On Minimal ʎ bC -Open Sets
In this paper, we introduce and discuss minimal -open sets in topological spaces. We establish some basic properties of minimal -open. We obtain an application of a theory of minimal -open sets and we defined a -locally finite space
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65649_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
2017-07-01
43
60
10.24271/garmian.124
-open
basic properties
-locally finite space
Halgwrd M. Darwesh
Darwesh
darweshymath@yahoo.com
1
University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sarhad
Nami
sarhad.faiq@garmian.edu.krd
2
Mathematics Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq.
AUTHOR
1. Levine, N., Semi-open sets and semi-continuity in topological spaces. The American Mathematical Monthly, 1963. 70(1): p. 36-41.
1
2. Kasahara, S., Operation-compact spaces. Math. Japon., 1979. 24: p. 97-105.
2
3. Ogata, H., Operations on topological spaces and associated topology. Math. Japon., 1991. 36: p. 175-184.
3
4. B. Ahmad, S.H., Properties of γ-operations in topological spaces. Aligarh Bull. Math, 2003: p. 45-51.
4
5. Ahmad, S.H.a.B., On Minimal γ-Open Sets. Eur. J. Pure Appl. Maths, 2009. 2(3): p. 338-351.
5
6. F.Namiq, S., New types of continuity and separation axiom based operation in topological spaces. 2011, Sulaimani.
6
7. Khalaf, A.B. and S.F. Namiq, [[lambda]. sub. c]-open sets and [[lambda]. sub. c]-separation axioms in topological spaces. Journal of Advanced Studies in Topology, 2013. 4(1): p. 150-159.
7
8. F.Namiq, S., λ^*-R_0 and λ^*-R_1 Spaces. Journal of Garmyan University, 2014(3).
8
9. F.Namiq, S., λ_βc-Open Sets and Topological Properties. Journal of Garmian University, 2017. Preprint.
9
10. El-Monsef, M.A., S. El-Deeb, and R. Mahmoud, β-open sets and β-continuous mappings. Bull. Fac. Sci. Assiut Univ, 1983. 12(1): p. 77-90.
10
11. Alias B. Khalaf, S.F.N., Generalized λ-Closed Sets and 〖(λ,γ)〗^*-Continuous Functions. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2012. 3(12).
11
12. Alias B. Khalaf, S.F.N., Generalized λ-Closed Sets and 〖(λ,γ)〗^*-Continuous Functions. Journal of Garmian University 2017. Preprint.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Localization and Some Properties of Certain Types of Modules
In this paper Artinian and locally prime modules are studied and somecharacterizations of locally prime modules are given. Some conditions are givenunder which locally prime modules are almost prime modules and a nonzeromodule is a locally prime module. Some properties of Artinian and locally Artinianmodules are given. Also, strongly reduced modules, primally reduced modules,radically reduced modules and some other types are studied and investigated andsome properties of these types of modules are proved. In addition, some relationsthat concerning these types of modules are established and some characterizationsof them are given.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65650_ee5da2af0a103821bee7e23f1cd75037.pdf
2017-07-01
61
72
10.24271/garmian.125
Artinian and locally Artinian modules
locally prime modules
strongly reduced modules
primally reduced modules and radically reduced modules
Adil
Jabbar
1adilkj@gmail.com
1
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rasti
Mohammad Amin
2rasti.raheem90@gmail.com
2
Department of Mathematics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Garmian, Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] Atani, S. E. and Darani, A. Y. : Notes on the Primal Submodules, Chiang Mai J. Sci.
1
35(3), 2008, pp 399-410.
2
[2] Atani, S. E. and Farzalipour, F. : On Weakly Prime Submodules, Tamkang Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2007, 247-252.
3
[3] Azizi, A.: Prime Submodules of Artinian Modules, Taiwaness Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 13, No. 6B, pp. 2011-2020, 2009.
4
[4] Behboodi, M. , Karamzadeh, O.A.S. and Koohy, H. : Modules Whose Certain Submodules Are Prime, Vietnam Journal of Mathematics 32:3 (2004) pp 303-307.
5
[5] Jabbar, A. K.: A Generalization of Reduced Modules, International Journal of Algebra , Vol. 8, 2014, no. 1, 39-45.
6
[6] Jabbar, A. K.: On Locally Reduced and Locally Multiplication Modules, International Mathematical Forum, Vol. 8, 2013, no. 18, 851-858,
7
[7] Jabbar, A. K.: A Generalization of prime and weakly prime submodules, Pure Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 2, 2013, No. 1, 1-11 ,
8
[8] Jabbar, A. K.: On Locally Artinian Modules, International Journal of Algebra, Vol. 6, 2012, No. 27, 1325-1334.
9
[9] Jabbar, A. K. and Mohammad R. R.: The Effect of Localization on Properties of Certain Types of Modules, The 2nd International conference of the college of Education – University of Garmian held on 21-22/8/2016.
10
[10] Larsen, M. D. and McCarthy, P. J.: Multiplicative Theory of Ideals, Academic Press, New York and London, 1971.
11
[11] Lomp, C. and Pena, P. A. J. : A Note on Prime Modules, Divulgaciones Mathematicas, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2000, pp 31-42.
12
[12] Rajaee, S. : Comaximal Submodules of Multiplication Modules, International Mathematical Forum, Vol.5, 2010, no. 24, 1179-1183.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ʎ bC - Connected Spaces and ʎ bC -Components
In this paper, we define and study a new type of connected spaces called -connected space. It is remarkable that the class of -connected spaces is a subclass of the class of -connected spaces. We discuss some characterizations and properties of -connected spaces , -components and -locally connected spaces.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65651_247d0f73df59a0d03001ccf6d9a4a3b6.pdf
2017-07-01
73
85
10.24271/garmian.126
connected space
characterizations and properties of -connected spaces
Alias
Khalaf
aliasbkhalaf@gmail.com
1
College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sarhad
Nami
sarhad.faiq@garmian.edu.krd
2
Mathematics Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq.
AUTHOR
1.Levine, N., Semi-open sets and semi-continuity in topological spaces. The American Mathematical Monthly, 1963. 70(1): p. 36-41.
1
2. F.Namiq, S., New types of continuity and separation axiom based operation in topological spaces. 2011, Sulaimani.
2
3.F.Namiq, S., λ_βc-Open Sets and Topological Properties. Journal of Garmian University, 2017. Preprint.
3
4.Namiq, S.F., λ-Connected Spaces Via λ-Open Sets. Journal of Garmyan University, 2015. 1: p. 165-178.
4
5.Alias B. Khalaf , H.M.D.a.S.F.N., λ_c-Connected Spaces Via λ_c-Open Sets. journal of Garmian University, 2017. 1(12): p. 15-29.
5
6.Willard, S., General topology. 1970: Courier Corporation.
6
7.Dorsett, C., Semi-connectedness. Indian J. Mech. Math, 1979. 17(1): p. 57-63.
7
8. El-Monsef, M.A., S. El-Deeb, and R. Mahmoud, β-open sets and β-continuous mappings. Bull. Fac. Sci. Assiut Univ, 1983. 12(1): p. 77-90.
8
9. Khalaf, A.B. and S.F. Namiq, [[lambda]. sub. c]-open sets and [[lambda]. sub. c]-separation axioms in topological spaces. Journal of Advanced Studies in Topology, 2013. 4(1): p. 150-159.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Contra (ʎ-ʏ)*-Continuous Functions
In this paper, some types of continuous functions via s-operations are introduced such as Contra -Continuous Functions and investigated. Several properties of these functions are constructed.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65652_f8960107b573136f894aecd9e1f03d64.pdf
2017-07-01
86
103
10.24271/garmian.127
Sarhad
Namiq
sarhad.faiq@garmian.edu.krd
1
Mathematics Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan- Region, Iraq.
AUTHOR
1. Kasahara, S., Operation-compact spaces. Math. Japon., 1979. 24: p. 97-105.
1
2. Ogata, H., Operations on topological spaces and associated topology. Math. Japon., 1991. 36: p. 175-184.
2
3. Rehman, F. and B. Ahmad, Operations on topological spaces I. Math. Today, 1992. 10: p. 29-36.
3
4. Jankovic, D., On functions with α-closed graphs. Glas. Mat., 1983. 18(38): p. 141-148.
4
5. B. Ahmad, S.H., Properties of γ-operations in topological spaces. Aligarh Bull. Math, 2003: p. 45-51.
5
6. S., H., Gamma-Operations in Topological Spaces. Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 2007.
6
7. Alias B. Khalaf, S.F.N., Generalized λ-Closed Sets and 〖(λ,γ)〗^*-Continuous Functions. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2012. 3(12).
7
8. F.Namiq, S., λ^*-R_0 and λ^*-R_1 Spaces. Journal of Garmyan University, 2014(3).
8
9. F.Namiq, S., New types of continuity and separation axiom based operation in topological spaces. 2011, Sulaimani.
9
10. Khalaf, A.B. and S.F. Namiq, [[lambda]. sub. c]-open sets and [[lambda]. sub. c]-separation axioms in topological spaces. Journal of Advanced Studies in Topology, 2013. 4(1): p. 150-159.
10
11. Willard, S., General topology. 1970: Courier Corporation.
11
12. Levine, N., Semi-open sets and semi-continuity in topological spaces. The American Mathematical Monthly, 1963. 70(1): p. 36-41.
12
13. Mashhour, A. On precontinuous and weak precontinuous mappings. in Proc. Math. Phys. Soc. Egypt. 1982.
13
14. Njȧstad, O., On some classes of nearly open sets. Pacific journal of mathematics, 1965. 15(3): p. 961-970.
14
15. El-Monsef, M.A., S. El-Deeb, and R. Mahmoud, β-open sets and β-continuous mappings. Bull. Fac. Sci. Assiut Univ, 1983. 12(1): p. 77-90.
15
16. Alias B. Khalaf, S.F.N., Generalized λ-Closed Sets and 〖(λ,γ)〗^*-Continuous Functions. Journal of Garmian University 2017. Preprint.
16
17. Crossley, S. and S. Hildebrand, Semi-topological properties. Fundamenta Mathematicae, 1972. 74(3): p. 233-254.
17
18. Mashhour, A., I. Hasanein, and S. El-Deeb, α-continuous and α-open mappings. Acta Mathematica Hungarica, 1983. 41(3-4): p. 213-218.
18
19. Maheshwari, S. and S. Thakur, On α-irresolute mappings. Tamkang J. Math, 1980. 11(2): p. 209-214.
19
20. Mahmoud, R. and M.A. El-Monsef, β-irresolute and β-topological invariant. Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci, 1990. 27(3): p. 285-296.
20
21. K, R.I.L.a.V.M., On α -continuity in topological spaces. Acta Mathematica Hungarica 1985. 45((1-2)): p. 27-32
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
On Supplemented Modules, Weak Supplemented Modules and Completely Weak Supplemented Modules
In this paper some results that concerning localization of modules are proved. Italso, studies the effect of localization on certain types of modules such assupplemented modules, weak supplemented modules and completelyweak supplemented modules. Several conditions are given under whichcertain properties of such types of algebraic structures are preserved underlocalization.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65653_69e322416eab389902ee80e4ceb93ec0.pdf
2017-07-01
104
112
10.24271/garmian.128
Localization of modules
supplemented modules
weak supplemented modules
completely weak supplemented modules and amply supplemented modules
Adil
Jabbar
1adilkj@gmail.com
1
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bakhtyar
Rahim
bakhtyar1987@gmail.com
2
Department of Mathematics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] Akray, I., Jabbar, A. K. and Sazeedeh, R.: Some Conditions Under Which Certain Types of Modules Possess Localization Property, Journal Duhok university, 15(1), 2012, 144-152.
1
[2] Atani, S. E. and Darani, A. Y. : Notes on the Primal Submodules, Chiang Mai J. Sci., 35(3), (2008), 399-410.
2
[3] Atiiyah, M. F. and Macdonald, I. G.: Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1969.
3
[4] Bilhan. G.: Amply FWS modules, Journal of Arts and Sciences, Sayi : 4, Aralik 2005.
4
[5] Clark, J., Lomp, C., Vajana, N. and Wisbauer R.:. Lifting Modules. Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston-berlin, 2006.
5
[6] Jabbar, A. K. and Hassan, N. H. : On Locally Multiplication Modules, International Mathematical Forum, 11(5), 2016, 213-226.
6
[7] Jabbar, A. K.: A Generalization of Prime and Weakly Prime submodules, Pure Mathematical sciences, 2(1), 2013, 1-11.
7
[8] Nebiev, C.: Amply weak supplemented modules, International Journal Computational Cogintion, 3(1), 2005, 88-90.
8
[9] NISANCI, B., TURKMEN, E. and PANCAR, A.: Completely Weak Rad-supplemented Modules, International Journal of Computational Cognttion, 7(2), 2009.
9
[10] Turkmen, E. and Pancar, A.: Characterizations of Rad-supplemented modules, Miskolc Mathematical Notes, 13(2), 2012, 569 – 580.
10
[11] Turkmen, E. and Pancar, A.: Some properties of Rad-supplemented modules, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(35), 2011, 7904 – 7909.
11
[12] Turkmen, E. and Pancer, A.: On Radical Supplemented Modules, International Journal of Computational Cognttion, 7(1), 2009.
12
[13] Wang, Y. and Ding, N.: Generalized Supplemented Modules, Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics, 10(6), 1589-1601, 2006
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Maximal (k, n)-arc in Projective Plane PG(2, 5)
In this paper we recognize maximal (k, n)-arcs in the projective plane PG (2,5), n = 2, 3, ...,5, where a (k, n)-arc K in a projective plane is a set of K pointssuch that no n + 1 of which are collinear. A (k, n) – arc is a maximal if and only ifevery line in the projective plane PG (2, P) is a O-secant, or n-secant, whichrepresented as ( k, 2 )-arc and (k, 6)-arc. A (k, n)-arc is complete if it is notcontained in a (k + 1, n) – arc.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65654_d182465afbee633696ceaad6d889171c.pdf
2017-07-01
113
121
10.24271/garmian.129
projective plane PG (2
conics of PG (2
5)
maximal and complete (k
n)- arcs
Najim
Ismaee
1
University of Garmian -College of Education- Math. Department
AUTHOR
1- Ali,T. H.(2004)" Complete (k, n) –arc in the Projective Plane (2, 17) ". Thesis, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
1
2- Al-Jofy , R.A.S. (1999) " Complete Arcs in a projective plane over Galois Field": , M.Sc., Thesis, University of Baghdad Iraq.
2
3- Abdul – Hussein , M , A ( 1997 ) " Classification of ( K , 4 ) – Arc in the projective plane of order Five", M, Sc, Thesis, University of Basrah, Iraq.
3
4- Ahmed, A, M, (1999), " Complete Arcs in the projective plane over GF(q)". Ibn AL-Haitham, Iraq.
4
5- Ban (2001)," The maximal (K, n) – arcs" University of Mosul, Iraq.
5
6- Hirscfled , T. W, (1997) " Projective Geometrics Over Finite Field " Oxford Press.
6
7- Mayssa G . M (2004) " Construction of ( k, m ) – arcs from (k, n )- arcs in the Projective Plane PG (2, 17) ", m < n.
7
8-Najim , A . I (2005) "Complete (k, n ) – arcs in the Projective Plane (2, 13) ". Thesis, University of Baghdad , Iraq.
8
9- Najim,A.I.(2011) "Complete ( k , n ) – arcs in the Projective Plane ( 2, 7) ". Letter of acceptance No:199 Date: 12/4/2011, University of Diyala , Iraq.
9
10-Rashad (1999)" Complete arcs in a Projective Plane Over Galois Field", M .Sc. Thesis, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
10
11-Sawsan, J. K, (2001)" Construction of ( k, n ) – arcs from (k, m)-arcs in PG (2, P ), 2 ≤ m < n.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Trigonometric B-Spline Interpolation
In present paperthe objective of the choice for studding trigonometric B-spline is made to show itis gives better approximate result or not of the boundary value problems inordinary differential equations. By applying B-spline procedures to obtainapproximate solution of the boundary value problems of ordinary differentialequations with trigonometric B-spline, cubic trigonometric B-spline havemotivated the solve of boundary value problems with numerical procedures.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65655_fd6986a76db3565f07a8e962c6d143da.pdf
2017-07-01
122
130
10.24271/garmian.130
Trigonometric B-spline
singular perturbed
second order boundary value problem
Najim
Ismaeel
1
University of Garmian -College of Education - Math. Department
AUTHOR
[1] Athanassion Nikolis, "Numerical Solution of ordinary differential Equations with Quadratic Trigonometric Splines", E-Notes, 4, pp.142-149, (2004).
1
[2] Dağ I., O. Ersoy and ö. Kaçmaz, Eskiʂehir Osmangozi university, "The Trigonometric cubic B-spline Algorithm for Burgers` Equation", 22 July (2014).
2
[3] Lyche T.and R. Winther, ``A stable Recurrence Relation for Trigonometric B-Splines", J. Approx. Theory 25, pp. 266-279, (1979)
3
[4] Nikolis A.,"(Numerical solution of ordinary differential equation with quadratic trigonometric splines", Applied Mathematics E-Notes, Vol. 4 pp. 142-149, (1995).
4
[5] Nikolis A. and I. Seimenis, "Solving dynamical Systems with Cubic Trigonometric Splines", Applied Mathematics E-notes, Vol. 5, pp. 116-123, (2005).
5
[6] Per Erik Koch, Tom Lyche, Marian Neamtu and Larry L. Schumaker, "Control Curve and Knot Insertion for Trigonometric Splines", Advances in Computational Mathematics, pp. 405-424, (1995).
6
[7] Schoenberg, I.J., "Trigonometric Spline Interpolation", J. Math. Mech, Vol. 13, pp. 795-825, (1964).
7
[8] Tom Lyche, Larry L. Schumaker and Sonya Stanley "Quasi-Interpolation Based on Trigonometric Spline", (1992).
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Type 2 Fuzzy Convexity*
In this paper, we introduce a new notion of fuzzy convexity as ageneralization of the other types of convexities, and give some connectionsbetween type 2 fuzzy convexity and generalized fuzzy convexity. We also discussthe relationship of type 2 fuzzy convex set with generalized strongly convex fuzzyset and semistrongly convex fuzzy set.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65656_1e78db8a9c3bdb084a4c86cf7bf3bf8d.pdf
2017-07-01
131
144
10.24271/garmian.131
Zadeh’s extension principle
Type 2 fuzzy sets
Generalized convex fuzzy sets
Type 2 fuzzy convex sets
Pishtiwan
Sabir
pishtiwan.sabir@univsul.edu.iq
1
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Diyar
Mohammed
2
Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] Chalco-Cano, Y., and Rojas-Medar, S-convex fuzzy processes, Computer and Mathematics with Applications, 47 (2004) 1411-1418.
1
[2] Chen, J., Syau, Y., and Tnig, C.-J., Convexity and semicontinuity of fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 143 (2004) 459-469.
2
[3] Deli, I., Convex and concave soft sets and some properties, arXiv:1307.4960v1 [math.GM], 17 July (2013).
3
[4] Drewniak, J., Convex and strongly convex fuzzy sets, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 126 (1987) 292-300.
4
[5] Dubois, D. and Prade, H., Fuzzy Sets and Systems: Theory and Applications, Academic Press, New York (1980).
5
[6] Gorzalczany, B., Approximate inference with interval-valued fuzzy sets – an outline, in: proceedings of the polish symposium on interval and fuzzy mathematics, Poznan, Poland, (1983) 89-95.
6
[7] Hong, D.H., and Lee, S., Some algebraic properties and a distance measure for interval-valued fuzzy numbers, Information Sciences, 148 (2002) 1-10.
7
[8] Kaiqi, Y.Z., A note on convex fuzzy sets, BUSEFAL, 77 (1999) 72-74.
8
[9] Klir, G. J., and Yuan, B., Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J. (1997).
9
[10] Lee, K. H., First Course on Fuzzy Theory and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, NY (2005).
10
[11] Matloka, M., A note on -Convex fuzzy processes, Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2012 (2012), 7.
11
[12] Peng, Z.-Y., Long, X.-J., Lin, Z., Some new properties of strongly convex fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Information and Engineering, 62 (2009) 687–693.
12
[13] Qiu, D., Yang, F., Shu, L., On convex fuzzy processes and their generalizations, Int. Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 12 (2010) 268-273.
13
[14] Sabir, P.O., Generalized semistrongly convex fuzzy sets, Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani‒Part A (Pure and Applied Sciences), Vol. 18, No. 3 (2016) 259-267.
14
[15] Syau, Y., Closed and convex fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 110 (2000) 287-291.
15
[16] Syau, Y., Low, C., and Wu, T., A note on convex fuzzy processes, Applied Mathematics Letters, 15 (2002) 193-196.
16
[17] Turksen, B., Interval valued fuzzy sets based on normal forms, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 20 (1986) 191-210.
17
[18] Wu, S., and Cheng, W., A note on fuzzy convexity, Applied Mathematics Letters, 17 (2004) 1127-1133.
18
[19] Yang, X., Some properties of convex fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 7 (1995) 129-132.
19
[20] Yang, X.-M., and Yang, F.-M., A property on convex fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 126 (2002) 269-271.
20
[21] Zadeh, L. A., Fuzzy sets, Inform. & Control 8 (1965) 338–353.
21
[22] Zadeh, L. A., The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning. Memorandum ERL-M 411, Berkeley, Ca., (1973).
22
[23] Zadeh, L. A., The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning (I), (II), and (III), Inf. Sci. 8 (1975) 199–249, 301–357, 9 (1975) 43–80.
23
[24] Zimmermann, H. J., Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications (2nd Revised Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, London (1991)
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fuzzy Convergence of Fuzzy Complex Series
In this paper, based on -level converges some important results onfuzzy series of generalized rectangular valued bounded closed complexcomplement normalized fuzzy numbers are proved.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65657_f2f7f1ad48b79ab4085f574fd5d67677.pdf
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Fuzzy Complex Numbers
Fuzzy Sequences
Fuzzy series
Pishtiwan
Sabir
pishtiwan.sabir@univsul.edu.iq
1
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adil
Jabbar
adilkj@gmail.com
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Education Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Munir
Al-Khafagi
mnraziz@yahoo.com
3
Department of Mathematics, College of Education, University of Al-Mustansiriya, Bagdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] J. J. Buckley and Y. Qu, Fuzzy complex analysis I: Differentiation II: Integration, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 41 (1991) 269–284, 49 (1992) 171–179.
1
[2] J. J. Buckley, Fuzzy complex numbers, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 33 (1989) 333–345.
2
[3] Q. P. Cai, The continuity of complex fuzzy function, Adv. in Int. and Soft Computing 62 (2009) 695-704.
3
[4] S. S. L. Chang, L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy mappings and control, IEEE Trans. Syst., Man and Cyber., SMC-2, (1972) 30-34.
4
[5] D. Dubois, and H. Prade, Towards fuzzy differential calculus, Part 1: Integration of fuzzy mappings Part 2: Integration on fuzzy intervals Part 3: Differentiation, FSS 8 (1982) 1-17, 105-116, 225-233.
5
[6] X. Fu, Q. Shen, fuzzy complex numbers and their application for classifiers performance evaluation, Pattern Recognition 44 (2011) 1403-1417.
6
[7] Z. Guangquan, Fuzzy limit theory of Fuzzy complex numbers, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 46 (1992) 227–235.
7
[8] W. Guijun, Y. Shumin, The convergence of fuzzy complex valued series, BUSEFAL, 69 (1997) 156–162.
8
[9] M. Ha, W. Pedrycz, L. Zheng, The theoretical fundamentals of learning theory based on fuzzy complex random samples, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 160 (2009) 2429-2441.
9
[10] A. K. Jabbar, M. A. Al-Khafagi, and P. O. Sabir, On Fuzzy Complex Sequences, Journal of University of Duhok, vol 16 (2013).
10
[11] S. Ma, D. Peng, The fixed point of fuzzy complex number valued mapping AMS 1 (2007) 739-747
11
[12] D. Qiu, L. Shu, Notes on “On the restudy of fuzzy complex analysis: Part I and Part II”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 159 (2008) 2185–2189.
12
[13] J. Qiu, C. Wu, and F. Li, On the restudy of fuzzy complex analysis: Part I. The sequence and series of fuzzy complex numbers and their convergences, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 115 (2000) 445–450.
13
[14] J. Qiu, C. Wu, and F. Li, On the restudy of fuzzy complex analysis: Part II. The continuity and differentiation of fuzzy complex functions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 120 (2001) 517–521.
14
[15] J. Qiu, C. Wu, Some remarks for fuzzy complex analysis, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 106 (1999) 231–238.
15
[16] P. O. Sabir, A. K. Jabbar, M.A. Al-khafagy, The continuity and differentiation of complex fuzzy functions for new fuzzy quantities, Asian Transactions on Science and Technology, Issue 4 (2) (2012), 1-11.
16
[17] C. Song, S. Ma, An information algorithm based on segeno fuzzy complex valued integral, Journal of computational Systems 6 (2011) 2166-2171.
17
[18] G. Wang, X. Li, Generalized Lebesgue integrals of fuzzy complex valued functions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 127 (2002) 363–370.
18
[19] E. A. Youness, I. M. Mekawy, A study on fuzzy complex linear programming problems, Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences 7 (2012) 897-908.
19
[20] L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Inform. & Control 8 (1965) 338–353.
20
[21] L. A. Zadeh, The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning. Memorandum ERL-M 411, Berkeley, Ca., (1973).
21
[22] L. A. Zadeh, The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning (I), (II), and (III), Inf. Sci. 8 (1975) 199–249, 301–357, 9 (1975) 43–80.
22
[23] Z. Zhang, J. Tian, Structure risk minimization principle based on complex fuzzy random samples, J. of Inf. and Computing Science 5 (2010) 19-40.
23
[24] L. F. Zheng, M. H. Ha, Further discussions on rectangular fuzzy complex numbers, doi: 10.1109/ICMLC.2009.521 2339
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using Difference Scheme Method for the Numerical Solution of Telegraph Partial Differential Equation
In this work, we presented the following hyperbolic telegraph partial differential equation{utt (t, x) + ut (t, x) + u(t, x) = uxx (t, x) + ux (t, x) + f(t, x), 0 ≤ t ≤ T u(t, 0) = u(t, L) = 0 , u(0, x) = φ(x) , ut (0, x) = Ψ(x), 0 ≤ x ≤ L (1)Although exact solution of this partial differential equation is known it is important to testreliability of difference scheme method. The Stability estimates for this telegraph partialdifferential equation are given. The first and second order difference schemes are formed for theabstract form of the above given equation by using initial conditions. Theorem on matrix stabilityis established for these difference schemes. The first and second order of accuracy differenceschemes to approximate solution of this problem are stated. For the approximate solution of thisinitial-boundary value problem, we consider the set w(τ,h) = [0, T]τ × [0, L]h of a family of gridpoints depending on the small parameters τ =TN(N > 0) and h =LN(N > 0). Gauss eliminationmethod is applied for solving this difference schemes in the case of telegraph partial differentialequations. Exact solutions obtained by Laplace transform method is compared with obtainedapproximation solutions. The theoretical terms for the solution of these difference schemes aresupported by the results of numerical experiments. The numerical solutions which found by Matlabprogram has good results in terms of accuracy. Illustrative examples are included to demonstratethe validity and applicability of the presented technique. As a result, difference scheme method isimportant for above mentioned equation.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65658_d0699173fd1e41d4885bc43add4a4e02.pdf
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Telegraph equation
Numerical Solution
Stability
Finite difference scheme
Error estimate
Bawar
faraj
bawarfaraj@gmail.com
1
Department of Mathematics ,Science and Art Faculty, Harran University ,Sanliurfa, Turkey.
AUTHOR
mahmut
mondali
mmodanli@harran.edu.tr
2
Department of Mathematics ,Science and Art Faculty, Harran University ,Sanliurfa, Turkey.
AUTHOR
[1] A.Ashyralyev, and M.Akat,‘AIP Conference Proceedings’ 1479,598-601 (2012).
1
[2] A.Ashyralyev and M.Modanli, ‘An operator method for telegraph partial differential and difference equations’ , Boundary Value Problems, 2015(1),1-17.
2
[3] A.Ashyralyev , M.Modanli, ‘A numerical solution for a telegraph equation’, AIP Conference Proceedings, 300-304, Doi: 10.1063/1.4893851.
3
[4] A.Ashyralyev and P.E.Sobolevskii, ‘New Difference Schemes for Partial Differential Equations’, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Boston, Berlin, 2004.
4
[5] M.Dehghan, and A.Shokri, ‘ Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations’ 24, 1080-1093 (2008).
5
[6] F.Gao and C.Chi, ‘Unconditionally stable Difference Scheme for a one- space dimensional linear hyperbolic equation’, Appl. Math. Comput., Vol. 187, pp.1272 1276, 2007.
6
[7] F.Gao, and C.Chi, ‘Applied Mathematics and Computation’ 187, 1272-1276 (2007).
7
[8] Grcar, F.Joseph , ‘Mathematicians of Gaussian elimination’,Notices of the American Mathematical Society, (2011b) 58 (6): 782–792.
8
[9] M.Koksal, ‘Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society’ 2011, 1-17 (2011), Article ID561015.
9
[10] A.Samaraski, ‘The Theory of Difference Schemes, Advances and Applications’. Birkhauser, Basel (2004) ISBN: 0-8247-0468-1.
10
[11] A.Samaraski, P.N.Vabishechevich,’Numerical Methods for solving inverse problems of mathematical physics’,walter de Gruyter,New york(2007).
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using Pseudoaffinity To Translation QFPP To LFPP
In this paper, deal we with the problem of optimizing the ratio of two quadraticfunctions subject to a set linear constraints with the additional restriction that theoptimal solution should also translation quadratic fractional programming problem(QFPP) to linear fractional programming problem (LFPP) by using pseudoaffinityafter solving by modified simplex method. And consequently a convergentalgorithm has been developed in the following discussion. Numerical exampleshave been provided to support the theory, by using Matlab 2016.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65659_d586558a4fa4ccd7317e64eff78c226e.pdf
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Translation QFPP
by Pseudoaffinity to LFPP
Modified Simplex Method
Basiya
Abdulrahim
basiya.kakawla@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Mathematics, College of Education University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region –Iraq
AUTHOR
Antoniou, A. Wu-Sheng Lu., (2007) “Practical Optimization Algorithms and Engineering Applications”, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria, Canada, Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC, P (675).
1
Abdulrahim, B. K., (2011) “On Solving Quadratic Programming Problem with Extreme Points”, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani/Iraq.
2
Abdulrahim, B. K., (2013) “Solving Quadratic Fractional Programming Problem via Feasible Direction Development and Modified Simplex Method”, Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani – Part A (JZS-A), for Pure and Applied Science, A Scientific Journal Issued by the University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Vol. 15A, No. 2, PP.45-52, ISSN 1812-4100.
3
Bajalinov, E. B. (2003) “Linear Fractional Programming, Theory Methods Applications and Software”, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
4
Biggs, M. B., (2005) “Nonlinear Optimization with Financial Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, England, P (41).
5
Charnes, A., and Cooper, W.W., (1962) “Programming with Linear Fractional Functions”, Nava research Quarterly, Vol.9, No.3-4, and PP.181-186.
6
Cambini, R., and Carosi, L., ( 2001) “On the Pseudoaffinity of a class of Quadratic Fractional Functions”, Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Giugno, Stampato in Proprio, P (17).
7
Fukushima, M., and Hayashi, Sh., (2008) “Quadratic Fractional Programming Problems with Quadratic Constraints”, Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University.
8
Khurana, A., and Arora, S. R., (2011) “A Quadratic Fractional Programming with Linear Homogenous Constraints”, African Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, Research, Vol. 4, No. 2, PP. 84-92.
9
Khurana, A., and Arora, S. R., (2011) “An Algorithm for Solving Quadratic Fractional Program with Linear Homogeneous Constraints”, Vietnam Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 39, No. 4, PP. 391-404.
10
Sing, H. C., (1981) “Optimality Condition in Functional Programming”, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Vol. 33, PP.287-294.
11
Sulaiman, N. A., and Nawkhass, M. A., (2013) “Solving Quadratic Fractional Programming Problem”, International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research, Vol. 2 No. 2, PP. 303-309, DOI 10.14419/ijamr.v2i2.838.
12
Sulaiman, N. A., and Nawkhass, M. A., (2013) “A New Modified Simplex Method to Solve Quadratic Fractional Programming Problem and Compared it to a Traditional Simplex Method by Using Pseudoaffinity of Quadratic Fractional Functions”, HIKARI Ltd, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 76, PP. 3749 – 3764 ,http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2013.36298.
13
Salih, A. D., (2010) “On Solving Linear Fractional Programming Problems with Extreme Points”, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Salahaddin, Hawler/Iraq
14
Sharma, S. D., (1988) “Operations Research”, Kedar Nath Ram Nath BCO., Meerut, India, P (559).
15
Sharma, S. D., (1980) “Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming”, Kedar Nath Ram Nath and CO., Meerut, India, P (547).
16
Tantawy, S. F., (2007) “Using Feasible Directions to solve Linear Programming Problems”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, Vol. 1, No. 2, PP. 109-114, ISSN 1991-8178.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical study of Single-turn and Multi-turn coil effect in the induction heating process
Induction heating has an important role in the industrial applications. Atypical induction heating system has three main parts where they are electricalsource, the RF-coil and work piece. The RF-coil is one of the importantparameters in setup of induction heating system. In this paper, we have beenstudied two kinds of coil (Single-turn and Multi-turn) using Finite ElementMethod (FEM) and by COMSOL MULTIPHYICS package. The results showthat considering of each of this coil has significant effect on theelectromagnetic fields, eddy currents and generated heat in the coil and workpiece.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65660_402d457a82c6c7f55afdd974eb6bf8e4.pdf
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Numerical
Induction heating
coil
electromagnetic
Abdoljabbar
Shokri
1
*Assistant lecturer, Physics department, Payam-e-noor University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamed
Heydari
2
Physics department, Bu-ali sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Muhammed Jameel
Asaad
3
Assistant lecturer, Physics department, College of education, University of Garmian, Kalar, KRG, Iraq.
AUTHOR
[1] G. M. Segura, “Induction heating converter`s design, control and modelingapplied to continuous wire heating,” Thesis, University Polittecnica of Catalunya (2012..
1
[2] V. Rudnev, D. Loveles, R. Cook, M. Black, “Handbook of Induction Heating,” New York, 2003.
2
[3] P. Apostolidis, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Induction Heating in Asphalt Mixes,” Thesis, Faculty Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, (2015).
3
[4] M. H. Tavakoli, H. Karbaschi, F. Samavat, “Influence of workpiece height on the induction heating process,” Mathematical and Computer Modelling 54 (2011) 50–58.
4
[5] M.H. Tavakoli, “Modeling of Induction Heating in Oxide CzochralskiSystemsAdvantages and Problems,” Crystal Growth & Design (2008) , pp483-488.
5
[6] M.H. Tavakoli, A. Ojaghi, E. Mohammadi-Manesh, M. Mansour,“Influence of coil geometry on the induction heating process in crystal growth systems,” J. Cryst. Growth , (2009) 1594-1599.
6
[7] https://www.comsol.com/ (AC/DC Module Users Guide).
7
[8] X. Zhou, B. G. Thomas, C. A. Hernandez, A. H.Castillejos,F. A. Acosta,”Measuring heat transfer during spray cooling using controlledinduction-heating experiments and computational models,” Applied Mathematical Modelling 37 (2013) 3181–3192.
8
[9] Francesco Rui, “Numerical Analysis of Inhomogeneous Inductive Heating of Forging Parts,” Thesis, University Hannover,(2015).
9
[10] C. XXIII, “Auto-Adaptive Multi-coil Inductor for Transverse Flux Induction Heating of Metal Strips,” Thesis, University of Padova ,2012.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Building nanoparticles using diamondoids structures as a carrier of the drug: Density functional theory study
Building nanoparticles of Aluminum phosphide (AlP) have been prepared byDensity functional theory method. These particles have been built on thediamondoids structures by raising carbon atoms and put atoms equivalent atomicnumber. Atomic number for Aluminum is (13) and Phosphorus is (15). It can beused these structures to the drug delivery .Depend on electronic structure andvibration properties of AlP nanocrystal. In order to full investigate, gap energy,electrostatic potential, density of states, tetrahedral angle, dihedral angle, bondlength, IR intensity, Raman spectrum. The results show that AlP diamondoids arenano-particles, structural properties as close as possible to those of bulkzincblende structure. The values of the energy gap diamantine is (3.5 eV) withrespect to the bulk value (2.5 eV). The green color signifies the neutralelectrostatic potential. This means that diamantane insulating material and thishelps us in the bonding process with the drug without that interact with anymedication is delivery medicine to the affected places. Dihedral and tetrahedralangles in AlP-diamantane near ideal bulk zincblende value of this angle valuesreflect the stability of diamondoids structures which is useful for our study to getthe inert and no harm structures after bonding there with different drugs to use itas drugs carriers. The bond lengths in AlP-diamantane found at 2.38 Å and theexperimental value of AlP bulk bond length at 2.293 Å. IR intensity ofdiamondoids divided into two regions depending on the properties of vibration orthe gap separation them and Raman spectrum active. UV Visible spectrum ofdiamondoids structure the Excitation energy equal to (1.8849 eV), the wavelength Absorption is (657.79 nm).
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65661_e342a94c6eee3cea0c77eb51b788ef38.pdf
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Diamondods
Aluminum phosphide
Density functional theory
Huda
Jawad
drhuda293@gmail.com
1
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
1- Van Zeghbroeck; B. J. “Bravais Lattices; Zincblende Lattice”. University of Colorado, (1997).
1
2- Hamad R. Jappor, Zeyad Adnan Saleh, and Mudar A. Abdulsattar, “Simulation of Electronic Structure of Aluminum Phosphide Nanocrystals Using Ab Initio Large Unit Cell Method”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 6 Pages, Volume (2012).
2
3- G.Ali Mansoori, “Diamondoid Molecules” Advances in Chemical Physic
3
Vol. 136, pp. 207-258, (2007).
4
4- Jacob Filik, “Diamondoid Hydrocarbons”chapter 1,p,126,Vol.65, (2010).
5
5- Robert A. Freitas Jr., “Meeting the Challenge of Building Diamondoid Medical
6
Nanorobots”, Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, May (2008).
7
6- Laboratories Alcon, S.S, F-68240 Kayersberg, France Revised: April (2004).
8
7- Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Future of Aging”, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. ( 2010).
9
8- Wolfram Koch, Max C. Holthausen, “A Chemist’s Guide to Density Functional
10
Theory”, Second EditionWiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, (Softcover); (Electronic) (2001).
11
9- Franci Bajd, “Van Der Waals Forces” university of Ljubljana Faculty of Mathematics and Physics April (2006).
12
10- NSM Archive, Physical Properties of Semiconductors, Accessed June 1, 2014.
13
11- Mudar Ahmed Abdulsattar, Bahjat B. Kadhimand Huda M. Jawad, “Electronic,
14
Structural and Vibrational Properties of GaP Diamondoids and Nanocrystals: A
15
Density Functional Theory Study” Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Accepted 02 April (2015).
16
12- Nasir H N, Abdulsattar M A, Abduljalil H M, “Electronic Structure of Hydrogenated and Surface- Modified GaAs Nanocrystals: Ab Initio Calculations”. Adv. Condens. Matter Phys., (2012).
17
13- Zhou A Q, O`Hern C S, Regan L, “The power of hard-sphere models: explaining
18
side-chain dihedral angle distributions of Thr” and Val. Biophys. J. 102: 2345, (2012).
19
14- Ali Taher Mohi Al-Sa`ady, “Density Functional and Semiempirical Investigations for Substituted Anthracene Molecules.” A Thesis Submitted to the College of Science Al – Mustansiriyah University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics (2013).
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigate the Friction and wear behavior of MoS2 nanoparticles in solid state lubrication
A solid-state lubricant powders is one of the most significant powders usedto protect surfaces from damage in cases of relative motion, with a reduction in thefriction and wear between them. In this study, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2),purity 99%, nanoparticles have been used as solid-state lubrication, due to it havinga low coefficient of friction and high wear resistance. In which MoS2 particles havebeen distributed with 1.69 x 1015 particles per m2 over the steel disc’s surfaceagainst the steel pin using a pin on disc tribometer machine. The pin on disctechnique was used to study the friction coefficient behaviour of the MoS2distribution particles and the position depth of the steel pin on the steel disc surfacewhen the ambient environment was air and humidity. It was used to examine thetribological behaviour of the steel pin on the steel disc surface with no distributionof MoS2 nanoparticles and also for a steel pin on steel disc with a distribution ofMoS2 nanoparticles. Then, the morphologies and microstructures of thedistributions of MoS2 nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM). In a result, the distribution of MoS2 nanoparticles have resultedin a lower friction coefficient and higher wear resistance compared with only steelpin on steel disc surfaces.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65662_525057ffa4be40dff1035dfbde54a02b.pdf
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Nanoparticles
solid state lubrication
friction
Wear
pin on disc machine
Salar
Fatah
1
Assistant Lecturer, Department of Physics- College of Education- University of Garmian- Kalar- Kurdistan Region- Iraq
AUTHOR
M. Kazuhisa, Solid lubrication fundamental and applications. New York: National Aeronautical Space Administration, 2001, pp. 10–14.
1
F. I. Ilie and C. M. Tita, "Tribological properties of solid lubricant nanocomposite coatings obtained by magnetron sputtered of MoS2/metal (Ti, Mo) nanoparticles,” Proc. of the Romanian Academy, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1–5, 2007.
2
J. R. Jones, NASA SP-8063: Lubrication, friction, and wear, NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria (Structures), NASA, June 1971, pp. 1–5.
3
J. Jiang, R. D. Arnell and G. Dixit, “The influence of ball size on tribological behaviour of MoS2 coating tested on a ball-on-disk wear rig,” Wear, vol. 243, pp. 1–5, 2000.
4
Y. Epshteyn and T. J. Risdon, “Molybdenum disulfide in lubricant applications – A review,” Presented at the 12th Lubricating Grease Conference, 28–30 January 2010, Goa, India, pp. 1–3, 2010.
5
G. H. Xu, M. Zhu, J. Liu, Z. Zhou and H. Liang, “The effect of pre-treatment of substrate on fretting tribological behavior of MoS2 coatings,” Wear, vol. 255, pp. 246–252, 2003.
6
M. Chhowalla and G. Amaratunga, “Thin films of fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles with ultra-low friction and wear,” Nature, vol. 407, pp. 164–167, 2000.
7
A. Shankara, P. L. Menezes and K. R. Y Simha, “Study of solid lubrication with MoS2 coating in the presence of additives using reciprocating ball-on-flat scratch tester,” Sadhana, vol. 33, pp. 207–220, June 2008.
8
N. P. Suh and H. C. Sin, “The genesis of friction,” Wear, vol. 69, pp. 91–114, 1981.
9
Y. Wang, T. Lei and J. Liu, “Tribo- metallographic behavior of high carbon steels in dry sliding,” Wear, vol. 231, pp. 1–11, 1999.
10
I. S. Grigoriev, Handbook of physical quantities. US: CRC Press, 1996, pp. 145–156.
11
F. Bucche and D. L. Wallach, Technical physics. Wiley, 1994.
12
R. Kurtus. Coefficient of friction values for clean surfaces. 2 November 2005. Available: http://www.school-for-champions. com/science/friction.htm.
13
K. Holmberg and A. Mathews. Coating tribology properties, mechanisms, techniques and applications in surface engineering. UK: Elsevier, 2009, pp. 211–212.
14
S. Mohan, V. Prakash and J. P. Pathak, “Wear characteristics of HSLA steel,” Wear, vol. 252, pp. 16–25, 2002.
15
Y. Wang and T. Lei, “Wear behavior of steel 1080 with different microstructures during dry sliding,” Wear, vol. 94, pp. 44–53, 1996.
16
C. Donnet, J. M. Martin, Th. Le Mogne and M. Belin, “Super-low friction of MoS2 coatings in various environments,” Tribology International, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 123–128, 1996.
17
J. J. Hu and J. S. Zabinski, “ Nanotribology and lubrication mechanisms of inorganic fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles investigated using lateral force microscopy (LFM),” Tribology Letters, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 173–180, 2005.
18
R. R. Sahoo and S. K. Biswas, “Microtribology and friction-induced material transfer in layered MoS2 nanoparticles sprayed on a steel surface,” Tribology Letters, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 313–326, 2009.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of FTO Sheet Resistance on the Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
In this work, DSSCs have been fabricated successfully using a simpleprocedure without the need for any complicated facilities. The XRD analysis of theTiO2 film confirmed that it has a polycrystalline structure belonging to anatasephase with crystallite size of 12.4 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used tocharacterize the absorbance spectrum of the TiO2 film and Z907 dye. The energygap of the TiO2 film estimated by Tauc’s plot was 3.12 eV. The SEM micrograph ofthe TiO2 film shows that the layer has a spongy shape with reduction in the numberof open pores making easy for dye adsorption and electron transport. The AFMmicrograph and the granularity cumulative distribution chart of the TiO2 film showsthat the average roughness, root mean square roughness and average grain sizewere about 0.356 nm, 0.423 nm and 82.48 nm respectively. The DSSC fabricatedusing glass substrates coated with 8 Ω/ sheet resistance FTO achieved the highestshort circuit density (JSC) and conversion efficiency (η) of 4.069 mA/cm2and1.786 %, respectively. Subsequently, the enhancement in efficiency was ~ 84 %compared with the conversion efficiency of DSSC fabricated using glass substratescoated with 15 Ω/ sheet resistance FTO.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65663_2ab9a9ecf195e37bae83629d24d60f05.pdf
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DSSC
Z907 Dye
TiO2 Layer
FTO Sheet Resistance
Efficiency Enhancement
Nabeel
Bakr
nabeelalibakr@yahoo.com
1
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
AbdulRahman
Ali
2
Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shaimaa
Jassim*
3
AUTHOR
[1] C. Cai, S. Tseng, M. Kuo, K. A. Lin, H. Yang, and R. Lee, "Photovoltaic Performance of N719 Dye based Dye-sensitized Solar Cell with Transparent Macroporous Anti-Ultraviolet Photonic Crystal Coatings", RSC Advances, Vol. 5, pp. 1-29, (2015).
1
[2] N. A. Omair, S. M. Reda, F. M. Al-Hajri, "Effect of Organic Dye on the Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized ZnO Solar Cell", Advances in Nanoparticles, Vol. 3, pp. 31-35, (2014).
2
[3] J. Deenathayalan, M. Saroja, M. Venkatachalam, P. Gowthaman, "ZnO Nanorod based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Natural Dyes Extracted from AmaranthusCaudatus and Morus Alba", Journal of NanoScience and NanoTechnology, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 384-389, (2014).
3
[4] A. Fakharuddin, R. Jose, T. M. Brown, F. F. Santiago, Juan Bisquert, "A perspective on the production of dye-sensitized solar modules", Energy Environmental Science, Vol. 7, pp. 3952–3981, (2014).
4
[5] A. A. Khafaji, D. B. Alwan, F. H. Ali, W. A. A. Twej, "Influence of grain size, electrode type and additives on dye sensitized solar cells efficiency", Environmental Science: An Indian Journal, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 217-223 (2016).
5
[6] K. Guo, M. Li, X. Fang, X. Liu, B. Sebo, Y. Zhu, Z. Hu, X. Zhao, "Preparation and enhanced properties of dye-sensitized solar cells by surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in nanocomposite photoanode", Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 230, pp. 155-160, (2013).
6
[7] R. Tagliaferro, D. Colonna, T. M. Brown, A. Reale, A. D. Carlo, "Interplay between transparency and efficiency in dye sensitized solar cells", Optics Express, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 3235-3242, (2013).
7
[8] R. Escalante, D. Pourjafari, D. Reyes-Coronado, G. Oskam, "Dye-sensitized solar cell scale-up: Influence of substrate resistance", Journal of renewable and sustainable energy, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 1-10, (2016).
8
[9] F. Santiagoa, F, Bisquert, J, Palomares, E, Haque, S. A, Durrant, J. R, "Impedance spectroscopy study of dye-sensitized solar cells with undoped spiro-OMeTAD as hole conductor", Journal Appled Physics, Vol. 100, No. 3, pp. 1-7, (2006).
9
[10] G. R. A. Kumara, C. S. K.Ranasinghe, E. N. Jayaweera, H. M. N. Bandara, M. Okuya, R. M. G. Rajapakse," Substrates by Atomized Spray Pyrolysis Technique and TheirSubsequent Use in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells", The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, No. 30, pp. 16479-16485, (2014).
10
[11] M. L. M. Napi, M. F. Maarof, C. F. Soon, N. Nayan, F. I. M, Fazli, N. K. A. Hamed, S. M. Mokhtar, N. K. Seng, M. K. Ahmad, A. B. Suriani, A. Mohamed, "Fabrication of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Thin Films Using Spray Pyrolysis De Method for Transparent Conducting Oxide", Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 14, pp. 8800-880, (2016).
11
[12] S. Ngamsinlapasathian, A. Kitiyanan, T. Fujieda, and S. Yoshikawa,"Effect of Substrates on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance Using Nanocrystalline TiO2", ECS Transactions, Vol. 1, No. 33, pp. 7-15, (2006).
12
[13] R. Vijayalakshmi and V. Rajendran, "Synthesis and characterization of nano-TiO2 via different methods", Archives of Applied Science Research, Vol. 4 (2), pp. 1183-1190, (2012).
13
[14] Y. Wang, L. Li, X. Huang, Q. Lia and G. Li, "New insights into fluorinated TiO2 (brookite, anatase and rutile) nanoparticles as efficient photocatalytic redox catalysts", RSC Advances, Vol. 5, No. 43, pp. 34302-34313, (2015).
14
[15] C. H. Wei and C.M. Chang, "Polycrystalline TiO2 thin films with different thicknesses deposited on unheated substrates using RF magnetron sputtering", Materials Transactions, Vol. 52, No.3, pp. 554-559, (2011).
15
[16] H. Sh. Wu, and Y. L. Wang, "Effects of annealing temperature on the structure and properties of TiO2 nanofilm materials", Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 531, pp. 203-206, (2012).
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optical and structural properties of PVA films doped with Cu nanoparticles
Optical and structural properties of composite films are studied with the effect of Cunanoparticles doped in PVA. Samples are PVA films of (0.13 mm) thickness are doped withdifferent concentrations of Cu nanoparticles. The nano-composite samples are prepared by thewell-known solution cast method. Cu nanoparticles are prepared by laser ablation method usingNd-Yag laser in pure water. Using the absorbance and transmittance of the samples, the effect ofdoped nanoparticles and their concentration on optical parameters of PVA films includingabsorption coefficient, optical band gap energy, complex refractive index, complex dielectricfunction, before and after annealing are extracted and discussed. Studying the effect of Cunanoparticles on the optical parameters gives an indication that all these parameters are affected.Also the optical properties of the films are highly affected by annealing. Cu–O bonds are formedin the films and the band gap energy of samples is decreased. Structural properties are studiedusing X-ray diffraction spectrum. The results show that by doping Cu nanoparticles in PVA, Theintensity of diffracted X-ray photons from films has been increased noticeably after the dopingprocess.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65664_2fe56a44f59b23e70535ab82360383d0.pdf
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polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films
X-ray diffraction
Bragg’s plane
Nd- Yag laser
Cu nanoparticles
Doping
Optical properties
nano-composite
Rezhna Mhammed
M
1
Physics Department, College of education, Garmian University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmood
Kareem
2
Physics Department, College of education, Garmian University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dana
Mhammed
3
Physics Department, College of education, Garmian University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
[1] S. Mahendia, A. K. Tomar, and S. Kumar, “Electrical conductivity and dielectric spectroscopic studies of PVA-Ag nano composite films,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 508, no. 2, pp. 406–411, 2010.
1
[2] P. K. Khanna, R. Gokhale, V. V. V. S. Subbarao, A. K. Vish- wanath, B. K. Das, and C. V. V. Satyanarayana, “PVA stabilized gold nanoparticles by use of unexplored albeit conventional reducing agent,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol . 92, no. 1, pp. 229–233, 2005.
2
[3] G. Nesher, G. Marom, and D. Avnir, “Metal-polymer composites: synthesis and characterization of polyaniline and other polymer at Silver coms,” Chemistry of Materials, vol. 20, no. 13, pp. 4425–4432, 2008.
3
[4] O. L. A. Monti, J. T. Fourkas, and D. J. Nesbitt, “Diffraction- limited photo generation and characterization of silver nanoparticles,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 1604– 1612, 2004.
4
[5] K. L. Kelly, E. Coronado, L. L. Zhao, and G. C. Schatz, “The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size, shape, and dielectric environment,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 668–677, 2003.
5
[6] A. A. Scalisi, G. Compagnini, L. D’Urso, and O. Puglisi, “Non- linear optical activity in Ag-SiO2 nano composite thin films with different silver concentration,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 226, no. 1–3, pp. 237–241, 2004.
6
[7] H. B. Liao, R. F. Xiao, H. Wang, K. S. Wong, and G. K. L. Wong, “Large third-order optical nonlinearity in Au:TiO2 composite films measured on a femtosecond time scale,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 72, no. 15, pp. 1817–1819, 1998.
7
[8] A. K. Sarychev, D. J. Bergman, and Y. Yagil, “Theory of the optical and microwave properties of metal-dielectric films,” Physical Review B, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 5366–5385, 1995.
8
[9] S. Link and M. A. El-Sayed, “Spectral properties and relaxation dynamics of surface Plasmon electronic oscillations in gold and silver nano dots and nano rods,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 103, no. 40, pp. 8410–8426, 1999.
9
[10] A. Nimrodh Ananth and S. Umapathy, “On the optical and thermal properties of in situ/ex situ reduced Ag NP’s/PVA composites and its role as a simple SPR-based protein sensor,” Applied Nano science, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 87–96, 2011.
10
[11] G. Fussell, J. Thomas, J. Scanlon, A. Lowman, and M. Marcolongo, “The effect of protein-free versus protein-containing medium on the mechanical properties and uptake of ions of PVA/PVP hydrogels,” Journal of Biomaterials Science, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 489–503, 2005.
11
[12] J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, E.A. Grulke, A. Abe, D.R. Bloch, Polymer Handbook, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
12
[13] D.M. Fernandes, J.L. Andrade, M.K. Lima, M.F. Silva, L.H.C. Andrade, S.M. Lima, A.A.W. Hechenleitner, E.A.G. Pineda, Thermal and photochemical effects on the structure, morphology, thermal and optical properties of PVA/Ni0.04Zn0.96O and PVA/ Fe0.03Zn0.97O nanocomposite films. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 98, 1862–1868 (2013)
13
[14] T. Tsuji, T. Mizuki, S. Ozono, and M. Tsuji, “Laser-induced silver nano crystal formation in polyvinyl pyrrolidone solutions,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A, vol. 206, no. 2-3, pp. 134–139, 2009.
14
[15 M. Abdelaziz, Cerium (III) doping effects on optical and thermal properties of PVA. films, Physica B., Vol.406 (6-7), pp.1300-1307, 2011.
15
[16] M. Dahshan," Introduction to Material Science and Engineering”, 2nd Ed., 2002.
16
[17] P.U.Asogwa "Band gap shift and optical characterization of PVA - Capped PbO thin films : Effect of thermal annealing " Chalcogenid Lett.Vol.8,No.3 ,pp163-170 ,2011.
17
[18] Han, X.; Liu, R.; Chen, W.; Xu, Z.; “Properties of nano crystalline zinc oxide thin films prepared by thermal decom of electrodeposited zinc peroxide”; Thin Solid Films.006, .120-.124, 2110.
18
[19] Soltani, N.; Gharibshahi, E.; Saion, E. Band gap of cubic and hexagonal CdS quantum dots-experimental and theoretical studies. Chalcogenide Lett. 2012, 9, 321–328.
19
[20] C. Kittle, Introduction to Solid State Physics, vol. 405, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 1971.
20
[21] M. Caglar, M. Zor, S. Ilican, Y. Caglar, Effect of indium incorporation on the optical properties of spray pyrolyzed Cd0.22- Zn0.78S thin films. Czech J. Phys. 56, 277–287 (2006)
21
[22] Khadum, K.A.: “Study of optical constant for cadmium oxide films doped with silver oxide (CdO: AgO) in infrared region; Diala, Jour.32, 0-00, 2114.
22
[23] Ahmad, A. H.; Awatif, A. M.; Zeid, Abdul-Majied. N.; “Doping effect on optical constants of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)”; Eng. & Technology. 20(.), 000- 060, 2115.
23
[24] S. Mahendia, A. K. Tomar, and S. Kumar, “Electrical conductivity and dielectric spectroscopic studies of PVA-Ag nanocomposite films” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 508, no. 2, pp. 406–411, 2010.,
24
[25] A. Gautam and S. Ram, “Preparation and thermo mechanical properties of Ag-PVA nanocomposite films,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 119, no. 1-2, pp. 266–271, 2010.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Empirical Formulae to Calculate the Half-life of E1 Gamma Transitions for Selected Isotopes
In the present work, the mass number (A), gamma decay energy (E), and half-life(T1/2) of E1 gamma-transitions data taken from the nuclear data centers for theisotopes (22Ti48, 21Sc46, 25Mn56, 26Fe59, 36kr87, 33As81) have been used to findempirical formulae for calculating the half-life (T1/2) of such transitions. Two newestablished empirical formulae combines the gamma transition energies with theasymmetry factor (N-Z)/A in the first formula and the binding energy in the secondformulae. A good agreement has been recorded for the experimental half-life takenfrom ENSDF and ENDF with those evaluated using the established formulae. Inboth cases the calculated half-life was in good agreement with the declaredexperimental data.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65665_4a5665cdab23234c79772d6f92003bc4.pdf
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Empirical Formulae
Gamma Transitions
Asymmetry Factor
Ali
Ahmed
ali.ahmed@su.edu.krd
1
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin Univ.-Erbil
LEAD_AUTHOR
Muhammad
Ahmed
2
Dept. of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin Univ.-Erbil
LEAD_AUTHOR
Muhammad
Abdulqader
3
Dept. of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin Univ.-Erbil
AUTHOR
1. S.A. Ibrahim, A.A. Abbass, S.A. Ahmed, and N.T.Abd-Al-Hameed, Calculation of the Reduced Transition Probabilities M (E2) for even-even Tungsten nuclide (74W)) A=180-186), J. of Chem. , Bio , Physical Science , volume 5, ( 2015) 3379-3383.
1
2. Karl H. L. - Weinheim, Nuclear and Radiochemistry: fundamentals and applications, New York; Basel; Cambridge: VCH, (1997).
2
3. Joseph W. Kennedy and Edward s. Macias, Nuclear And Radiochemistry, 3rd Edition, New York and Chicester . Copyright by John Wiley & Sons (1981).
3
4. Walter E. Meyerhof, Elements of Nuclear Physics, New York, Copyright by McGraw- Hill (1967).
4
5. Kenneth S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, 2ndedition . New York, (1955).
5
6. https://www-nds.iaea.org/ensdf_base_files/, International Atomic Energy Agency - Nuclear Data Section (2007-2017).
6
7. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/reCenter.jsp?z=22&n=26, National Nuclear Data Center,
7
Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards (2016) .
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying the Effects of Kaolinite Additions on the Properties of Ceramic Bodies Prepared from Alumina Powder by Slip Casting Technique
In this work, physical phenomena related to the growth and phase formation of aluminapowder are investigated by experiments and computer calculations. The specimens were formedby slip casting technique. These specimens were fired at various temperatures (500, 1100 and1600) °C. Alumina samples with different dopant percentages were prepared to study theirvarious physical and mechanical properties. Before casting, slurries with (60 wt. %) solid contentand different percentages of dopant additions were prepared. The dopant used here is kaolinitewith (0, 5, 10 and 15) percentage addition, where kaolinite is one of many types of raw materialsthat have plasticity and advantage of securing. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC)solution was used as dispersant. The stability of the slip clearly depends on the percentage ofdispersant added and the best ratio is found to be (0.33 ml) for each gram of solids. Kaolinitepercentage increase leads to decreasing the porosity and water absorption but it leads to increasedensity, thermal conductivity and all the mechanical properties.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65666_7b12bb7f608a8c5705f38a8252ec1e07.pdf
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Slip casting
Alumina
Kaolinite
Na-CMC
Sabah
Salman
1
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sheahab
Al-jubouri
2
Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Haydar
Al-obaidy
3
Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
[1]. A. G. Lamas, M. Almeida and H. M. M. Diz, “Slip-casting of alumina bodies with differential porosities”, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 85, pp.3126 – 3132, (2002).
1
[2]. T. Natori, T. Shimaguchi and T. Yamada, “Method of forming cast article by slip casting”, United states patent, Vol. 4, pp. 621 - 632, (1989).
2
[3]. J. S. Reed, Principles of Ceramics Processing, 2nd edition Wiley, New York, (1995).
3
[4]. O. Aladesuyi, M. Pal, S. K. Das and K. O. Ajanaku, “Phase and microstructural evolution during sintering of mixture of 75:25 Nigerian kaolin and calcined alumina powder compacts”, Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 2682-2838, (2017).
4
[5]. M. Arif, S. K. Durrani1, M. Akram, N. Hussain and B. A. Hasan, “Fabrication of alumina wares by slip casting technology” Journal of Pak Mater Soc, Vol.5, No. 1, pp. 114-120, (2011).
5
[6]. ASTM C20 – 00, “Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water”, (2010).
6
[7]. S. A. Z. Al-Jeboori, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Technology, (2005).
7
[8]. T. Akrill, G. Bennet and C. Millar, "Physics", Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd, London, pp.118-119, (1979).
8
[9]. ASTM C773 – 88, “Standard Test Method for Compressive (Crushing) Strength of Fired White ware Materials”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2011).
9
[10]. ASTM C1674 - 11, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics with Engineered Porosity at Ambient Temperatures”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2011).
10
[11]. ASTM D2240 – 05, “Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness”, (2010).
11
[12]. Y. Zhang and J. Binner, "Enhanced casting rate by dynamic heating during slip casting" Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 22, pp. 135–142, (2002).
12
[13] C. Falamaki and M. Beyhaghi, “Slip casting process for the manufacture of tubular alumina microfiltration membranes “Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 427-441, (2009).
13
[14]. H. Katsuki, J. Kim, S. Kim, J. Kim, J. Pee and W. Cho, “Influence of alumina content in the raw clay on the sintering behavior of Karatsu ware”, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, Vol. 124, No. 8, pp. 833-837, (2016).
14
[15]. J. S. Magdeski, “The porosity dependence of mechanical properties of sintered alumina”, Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp143-148, (2010).
15
[16]. A. Ouali, M. Heraiz, F. Sahnoune, H. Belhouchet, M. Fatmi and N. Saheb, “Effect of MgO addition on the mechanical and thermal properties of mullite synthesized through reaction sintering of Al2O3 and Algerian kaolin”, American Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 270-275, (2013).
16
[17]. C. Y. Chen, G. S. Lan and W. H. Tuan, “Preparation of mullite by the reaction sintering of kaolinite and alumina”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 20, pp. 2519-2525, (2000).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of overlap technique on hardness and fatigue behavior in ND-Glass laser heat treatment of carbon steel
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65667_98b168dc2cb1561df776f3e7eb7dc305.pdf
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Nd-glass laser
carbon steel
microhardness
fatigue Introduction
Samir Khudhir
Al-ani
smsddzzz@yahoo.com
1
Baghdad university – college of science for women – Physics Department
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nada
Khattab
2
Baghdad university – college of science for women – Physics Department
AUTHOR
Migliore L. (1996). “laser material processing “, Marrel Dekker, New York , P.66, pp 209-212.
1
Bykalin N. , Vglov A. , Kokora A. (1988), “ Laser machining and weliding”, Mir Publishers, Moscow.
2
Al-ani S. K., Ahmad A.K. , Hasoon S.A. (2000)” Effect of laser beam energy on the hardness of carbon steel”, Al-Nahrain university magazine,(4):60-64.
3
Bradly R. John and Kim Sooho. (1988), “Laser transformation hardening of iron and iron carbon-chromium steel” , Metall. Trans. 19A,P 2013-2025, August.
4
S.R. Al-Sayed , A.A. Hussein , A.A. Nofal, (2017),” Characterization of a Laser Surface-Treated Martensitic Stainless Steel”, Materials 2017, 10(6): 595.
5
Al-ani S. K. . (2002), “Improvement of surface hardness and wear resistance for low carbon steel using laser beam”, Journal of college of education for women, Baghdad university, Vol.20, no.2, (2009).
6
Tsay L. w. , Lee W. C. and Wu J. K.(2006) , Effect of hydrogen environment on the notched tensile properties of T-250 maraging steel annealed by laser treatment”, Corrosion Science, 44(6):1311-1327.
7
Yue T. M. , Yu J. K. and Man H. C. ,(2011), “ The effect of excimer laser surface treatment on pitting corrosion resistance of 316S stainless steel “, Surface and coating technology, 137(1):65-71.
8
Ye. Chang, (2011), “Fatigue performance improvement in AISI 4140 steel by dynamic strain aging and dynamic precipitation during warm laser shock peening”, Acta Mateials, 59(3):1014-102
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of groundwater quality and its suitability for agricultural uses in Kifri
Groundwater is regarded as one of the main water sources in a number ofcountries in the world to supply cities and urban areas with water for domestic,agricultural and industrial uses. That is because of lack of surface water andrainfall quantities. Therefore, the levels and quantities of groundwater should beobserved regularly. The quality of groundwater is mainly influenced by theeffects of anthropogenic sources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualityof groundwater in Kifri district. In this case fifteen groundwater samples werecollected at identical locations from deeper wells in order to investigate theirquality parameters such as: pH, Electric conductivity, total dissolved solids,concentration of soluble ions and some others. The results of the concentrationswere measured and interpreted with some irrigation indexes such as sodiumpercent (SP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC),magnesium hazard (MH%), and Kelly’s ratio (KR).The results reveal that all of groundwater samples have SAR less than(10); it is indicating water class to be of excellent quality. Also, all the sampleshave RSC less than the permissible (1.5). However, it is observed that (6.67 %)of the samples have MH ratio values greater than (50). Presence of moremagnesium in irrigation water compared to calcium leads to increase the degreeof magnesium saturation thus decrease soil productivity. The results also revealthat the samples have values of (SP) less than (60%). Overall, it indicates thatthe quality of (93.33%) of the samples falling under excellent category forirrigation purposes.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65668_b84494af5285cbc56324cd337e3c017e.pdf
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10.24271/garmian.143
Abdulmutalib
Sarhat
1
Assistant Lecturer, Chemistry Dept., University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Alam, M, Rais, S and Aslam, M 2012, "Hydrochemical Investigation and Quality Assessment of Ground Water in Rural Areas of Delhi, India", Environmental Earth Sciences, Vol.(66), pp.(97-110), available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1210-x.
1
Allan, JD and Castillo, MM 2007, "Stream Ecology, Structure and Function of Running Waters", 2nd edit., Springer, Netherlands, pp.(444).
2
American Public Health Association (APHA) 1995 “Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater0”, 19th Edition, Washington, D.C, pp.(1467).
3
Bauder, TA, Waskom RM, and Davis JG 2015, "Irrigation Water Quality Criteria", Colorado State University, USA.
4
Biswas SN, Mohabey H, Malik ML 2002, "Assessment Of The Irrigation Water Quality Of River Ganga In Haridwar District", Asian J. Chem, Vol.(16).
5
Eaton, FM 1950, "Significance of carbonates in irrigation waters", Soil Science, Vol.(69), pp.(123–133).
6
Güler, C, Thyne, GD, McCray, JE and Turner, AK 2002, "Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data", Hydrogeology Jour, Vol. (10), pp.(455 – 474).
7
Kelly WP 1963, "Use of Saline Irrigation Water". Soil Sci., Vol.(95), Issue (4), pp.(35-39)
8
Michael, AM 2008, "Irrigation Theory and Practice",2nd edition, Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
9
Reaffirmed 2009, "Guidelines for the quality of irrigation water", BIS, New Delhi.
10
Raju, NJ, Ram, P and Dey, S 2009, "Groundwater Quality in the Lower Varuna River Basin, Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India". Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. (7), pp.(178-192), available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-008-0048-4.
11
Richards LA 1954, "Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils" USDA and IBH Pub, Coy Ltd., New Delhi, India, Agric. Handbook, pp.(98-99).
12
Saleh A, Al-Ruwaih F, Shehata M 1999, "Hydrogeochemical processes operating within the main aquifers of Kuwait", J Arid Environ, Vol. (42), pp. (195–209).
13
Siddiqui, A, Naseem, S and Jalil, T 2005, "Groundwater Quality Assessment in and around Kalu Khuhar, Super Highway, Sindh, Pakistan", Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. (5), pp.(1260-1265), available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2005.1260.1265.
14
Szabolcs, I and Darb, C 1964, “The influence of irrigation water of high sodium carbonate on soils”,Proc. 8th Int. Cong. Of ISSS, Trans. II, pp.(803).
15
Talukder MSU, Shirazi SM, Paul UK 1998, "Suitability of Groundwater for Irrigation at Kirimganj Upazila Kishoreganj", Progress Agric, Vol. (9), pp.(107-112).
16
Todd, DK 1980, "Ground Water Hydrology", Wiley, New York, pp. (535).
17
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA Salinity lab.) 1954, "Diagnosis and improvement of saline and Alkali soils", Agriculture and Drainage Lab.Tech, Report, USA.
18
Vasanthavigar, M, Srinivasamoorthy, K, Vijayaragavan, K, Rajiv Ganthi, R, Chidambaram, S, Anandhan, P, Mani vannan, R and Vasudevan, S 2010, "Application of Water Quality Index for Groundwater Quality Assessment: Thirumanimuttar Sub-Basin, Tamilnadu, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment", Vol.(171), pp.(595-609), available at:
19
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1302-1.
20
Wilcox LV 1955, "Classification and Use of Irrigation Water", Washington: US Department of Agriculture, Circular No.(969), pp. (19).
21
Wilcox, LV 1948, "Classification and Use of Irrigation Waters", U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, pp.(962).
22
World Health Organization (WHO), 2004, "Guideline for Drinking Water Quality", 3rd edit., Vol.(1), Geneva, pp. (515).
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Urban Geomorphology of Darbandikhan District Using GIS & RS Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Geomorphology is an important aspect for urban planning, which gives anidea about the variations in landscape/landform and indirectly facilitates inevaluating the resources of an area. In the present paper, an attempt has beenmade to study the geomorphic implications on urban expansion of Darbandikhandistrict. The study area is in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. It covers an area about(546.02 km2) with nearly (150 km) perimeter. For detailed study, multi-temporalsatellite imageries of Landsat 3, 5, 7, 8 and QuickBird were used with the aid ofArcGIS-10.2.2 and Global Mapper 13 software to compile and create databasethat provided a visual and historical perspective of the urban expansion andpracticed in the study area for the past 46 years from 1971 to 2017. Progressiveurban mapping in correlation with different thematic maps of lithology,geomorphologic units (landforms), drainage density, elevation, slope gradientand slope aspect delivers the baseline information for the planner and decisionmakers to observer/monitor and predict the patterns and future trends ofurbanization. The rate of urban growth of Darbandikhan town is 1.2 km2/decadeand at 2028 the total suitable potential area, at west of the town, will beconsumed and change to townscape if the town expansion growth rate continuedin its behavior. Hence geomorphological maps along with other thematic mapsare predictive techniques to better future forecast of urban growth that candelineate suitable area for urban development and planning of the Darbandikhantown within the district’s administrative boundary.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65669_b7db9a14e926666e6826b824e74b9e08.pdf
2017-07-01
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Urban Geomorphology
Darbandikhan
Kurdistan
Remote Sensing and GIS
Sarkawt
Salar
sarkawt.ghazi@garmian.edu.krd
1
Lecturer, Department of Geography, College of Education, University of Garmian
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stress Protein Expression in Bladder Tumors Tissues
This study was designed to compare between the stress protein HSP70immunoexpression in the urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and bladder benign tumor(BT) , and to show the association between its immunoexpression and the clinicalgrades in bladder cancer . Paraffin Sections tissues from 50- bladder cancer tissuesand 15-bladder benign tumor tissues included in this study, Immunohistochemicaltechnique was done to detect the immunostaining of stress protein HSP-70 . Theresults indicated that (HSP70) proteins were significantly high expressed in BCcompared with BT patients HSP70 (74 % versus 33.3 % ; p≤ 0.01) , and thepatients with high grades cancer assume elevated positive IHC results compare topatients with low grades cancer with significant difference (p≤ 0.01) .Accordingly,HSP70 can be investigated as an omen biomarker in bladder cancer .Key Words: HSP70, IHC, Bladder Tumors.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65670_e19537856480861bcd9b8059593f9259.pdf
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HSP70
IHC
Bladder Tumors
Hind
Mousa
hindmousa155@yahoo.com
1
Pathological analysis department ,faculty of science , Thi-Qar university.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amna
Jassem
2
Biology Department , College of Science for Women , Baghdad University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Munther
Hussain
3
Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
AUTHOR
1. Goldstein M.G. and Li, Z . Heat-shock proteins in infection-mediated inflammation-induced tumorigenesis . J Hematol Oncol . 2009; 2:(5):1-10.
1
2. Jego G., Hazoumé A., Seigneuric R., and Garrido C.. Targeting heat shock proteins in cancer. Cancer Lett. 2013; 332(2):275-285 .
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3. Trivedi V. , Gadhvi P.; Chorawala M., Shah G. Role of Heat shock Proteins in immune response and immunotherapy for human cancer . Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, Gandhinagar. 2010 ; 382 023. 2( 2): 57-62 .
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4. Murphy E.M . The HSP70 family and cancer. Carcinogenesis J. 2013; 34 (6):1181–1188.
4
5. Balaburski, G. M, Ju Leu J., Beeharry N., HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hayik%20S%5Bauth%5D"HayikS., . HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Andrake%20MD%5Bauth%5D"Andrake M. D, Zhang G , HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Herlyn%20M%5Bauth%5D"Herlyn M., . Villanueva J,1 Dunbrack, Yen T., George D. L., and Murphy1, M. E. A modified HSP70 inhibitor shows broad activity as an anticancer agent . Mol Cancer Res . 2013 ;11(3): 219–229.
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6. Powers, M.V., Jones, K., Barillari C. , West wood I. , van Montfort R.L., and Workman P.Targeting HSP70: the second potentially druggable heat shock protein and molecular chaperone? J. Cell Cycle. 2010 ;9:1542-50.
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7. Syrigos KN, Harrington KJ, Karayiannakis AJ, Sekara E, Chatziyianni E. Syrigou EI, and Waxman J . Clinical significance of heat shock protein-70 expression in bladder cancer. Urology J . 2003 ; 61: 677-680
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8. Garrido C., Gurbuxani S, Ravagnan L., and Kroemer G. Heat shock proteins: endogenous modulators of apoptotic cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2001; 286: 433-442.
8
9. Moalic-Juge S, Liagre B, Duval R, Corbiere C, Bianchi A, Bordji K, Bosgiraud C, and Beneytout JL.The anti-apoptotic property of NS-398 at high dose can be mediated in part through NF-κB activation, hsp70 induction and a decrease in caspase-3 activity in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol . 2002; 20: 1255-1262.
9
10. Cornford PA, Dodson AR, Parsons KF, Desmond AD, Woolfenden A, Fordham M, Neoptolemos JP, Ke Y, and Foster CS.. Heat shock protein expression independently predicts clinical outcome in prostate cancer. Cancer Res . 2000 ; 60: 7099-7105 .
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11. Ischia J. ,and So A. I . The role of heat shock proteins in bladder cancer. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2013 ; 10, 386–395
11
12. Cappello F., David S., Ardizzone N., Rappa F., Marasà L., Bucchieri F., and Zummo G.. Expression of Heat Shock Proteins HSP10, HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder. J. Cancer Mol . 2006; 2(2): 73-77
12
13. Thanner F, Sutterlin MW, and Kapp M. Heat-shock protein 70 as a prognostic marker in node-negative breast cancer. Anticancer Res . 2003 ; 23: 1057–62.
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14. LeBlanc A.C .Natural cellular inhibitors of caspases. ProgNeuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry . 2003 ; 27: 215–29.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The density and reproductive biology of the Fiddler Crab Uca sindensis (Alcock, 1900) (Crustacea: Ocypodidae) in intertidal zone of Shatt Al-Basrah river –Khor Al-Zubair, Iraq.
The density and reproductive biology of Uca sindensis were studied inintertidal zone of Khor Al-Zubair, south of Shatt Al-Basrah river, Basrah, Iraq.The crabs were collected randomly three 0.25m2 quadrates during low tideperiods from November 2014 to October 2015. Density of crabs, sex ratio,distribution, population structure, diameter burrow, breeding season andfecundity were investigated. The results showed that crabs population fluctuatedand depended on the months of the year. Crabs density in study area was(181ind/ m2 in April 2015) and (19 ind./m2 in December 2015). The CW offemales ranged from 4 to 13.5 mm and of males from 5 to 16 mm indicatingsexual dimorphism. The relationship between Carapace width (CW) × Carapace height (CH) was positive in males and females. The equation (Log CH=Log-4.644+4.362LogCW) for males (P<0.05) and Log CH=Log-2.152+3.299LogCW for females (P<0.05). Sex ratio showed lower number of females than males forstudy area, The overall sex ratio was 1:1.26 and did not differ significantlyfrom the expected 1:1 (χ test, P>0.05), however the monthly sex ratio wasdifferent from expected 1:1(χ test, P<0.05). Breeding took place during warmseason of March to October 2015. The regression analysis showed that thenumber of eggs increased linearly with the increase of carapace width (r2=0.775, n=38). It was concluded that some factors of temperature, Salinity andTOM in sediment affected at density growth and reproduction pattern in U.sindensis.
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Population biology
Khor Al-Zubair
sex ratio
carapace
Khalid
Alkhafaji
1
Marine Science Centre, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rafid
Karim
2
Dept. of Biology, College of Science, Al-Anbar University, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rajaa
Haneff
3
Biology Dept. Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mustafa
Jumaa
4
Dept. of Biology, College of Education, Karbala University, Karbala, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hind
Obaid
5
AUTHOR
Likaa
Sagban
6
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CRABS (Ocypodidae, Uca) IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF KUWAIT
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& W.B. Vernberg (eds.). The Biology of Crustacea. Vol. 8. Environmental
93
Adaptations. Academic, New York, USA.
94
Skov M.W. and Hartnoll R.G. (2001) Comparative suitability of binocular
95
observation, burrow counting and excavation for the quantification of the
96
mangrove fiddler crab, Uca annulipes (H. Milne-Edwards). Hydrobiologia
97
449, 201–212.
98
Smith, S. M. (2015) Does loss of salt marsh vegetation caused by a native grapsid
99
crab improve habitat suitability for the Atlantic mud fiddler (
100
Uca pugnax)?. Journal of Crustacean Biology 35, 616-621. Online
101
publication date: 27-Aug-2015.
102
Smith, S.M. and M.C. Tyrrell. 2012. Effects of mud fiddler crabs (Uca pugnax) on
103
the recruitment of halophyte seedlings in salt marsh dieback areas of Cape
104
Cod (Massachusetts, USA). Ecological Research 27:233–237.
105
Smith, S.M., K.C. Medeiros, and M.C. Tyrrell. 2012. Hydrology, herbivory, and
106
the decline of Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl. in outer Cape Cod Salt Marshes
107
(Massachusetts, USA). Journal of Coastal Research 28:602–612.
108
Wolcott, T.G. (1988) Ecology. Pp. 55–96 in Biology of the Land Crabs, W.W.
109
Burggren and B.R. McMahon, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
110
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Functional properties of cow milk proteins co-precipitate
The ideal conditions for preparation of cow milk proteins co-precipitate wereinvestigated. The optimum concentration of calcium chloride used to prepare milkproteins co-precipitate was 25mM.This concentration of calcium yielded 96.2% ofmilk proteins.The best pH values to prepare milk proteins co-precipitate were between (5.5-6-6.5), while the best heat treatments used were between 85-95°C for 20 min.Solubility of co-precipitate in comparison with sodium caseinate was studied.There were no significant differences between the solubility of cow milk sodiumcaseinate and cow milk proteins co-precipitate, at pH values higher than 6 but thesolubility of co-precipitate at pH values lower than 5 was significantly higher thanthat of cow milk sodium caseinate .Foaming ability and stability of milk proteins co-precipitate was greater than thatof the sodium caseinate. At pH 6 and above the emulsion activity index of cowmilk co-precipitate was higher than that of sodium caseinate.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65672_3342ca9a237284b1cfb95480e67e4867.pdf
2017-07-01
340
356
10.24271/garmian.147
Cow milk
Proteins co-precipitate
Functional Properties
Rahela
Siamand
1
Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University, Erbil , Iraq
AUTHOR
Jasim
Al-Saadi
2
Dairy Science and Technology Department, College of Food Sciences , AL-Qasim Green University, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad, N., Rashid, M., and Vaes, A. G. (1996). Fertilizers and their use in Pakistan: an extension guide (No. 2. ed.).
1
Baruah, T. C. and Barthakur, H.P. (1999). A text book of soil analysis. Printed at Vishal printers. New- Delhi.
2
Black, C.A. (1965). Methods of soil analysis. Part2. American Society of Agronomy.lnc. Publishers Madison, Wisconsin. U.S.A.
3
Cate, R. B., and Nelson, L. A. (1971). A simple statistical procedure for partitioning soil test correlation data into two classes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 35(4): 658-660.
4
Cate, R. B., and Nelson, L. A. (1965). A rapid method for correlation of soil test analyses with plant response data. NC State University Agricultural Experiment Station.
5
Dahnke, W. C. and Olson, R. A. (1990). Soil test correlation, calibration, and recommendation. Pp 45-71., Madison, Wisconsin 1990.
6
Darwesh, D. A. and Esmail A. O. (2008). The role of supplemental irrigation and fertilizer treatments on yield componentof wheat. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture .36 (1): 30-38.
7
Hama-Amin, C.O.(2012).Using differend methods to determine critical level of potassium for wheat plant (Triticum durum L.)in Erbil plain soils .Univ. of Salahaddin, Erbil ,College of Agriculture.
8
Halverson, A.R. (2001). Soil sampling accuracy. Manual 19. Pacific. North West Fertilizer Conference .Pullman. Washington.
9
Havlin, J.L., Tisdale, S.L., Nelson W.L., and Beaton J.D (2014). Soil fertility and nutrient Management: an introduction to nutrient management. (8th edt) Pearson (p 505), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. U.S.A.
10
Havlin, J. L., and Soltanpour, P. N. (1981). Evaluation of the NH4HCO3-DTPA soil test for iron and zinc. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45(1): 70-75.
11
Hodgson J.M. (1976). Soil survey field handbook. Technical monograph (5): Pp56-57.printed in England.
12
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc. London.
13
Jarallah, Kh. A. (2005). Evaluation of iron fertility status and response of wheat in some of Mesopotamian plain soils. PhD Thesis, Dept. of Soil and water Science, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University.
14
Khdir, S.A. (2017) The role of some soilphysicochemical properties in limiting potassium critical level for Bitwen plain soils –Kurdistan region.MSC. thesis Univ. of Salahaddin, College of Agriculture.
15
Kumar, M. (2002). Effect of manganese and iron on the soil properties, nutrient uptake and performance of wheat (L.) and barley (L.) M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Raj.).
16
Lindsay, W. L., and Schwab, A. P. (1982). The chemistry of iron in soils and its availability to plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 5(4-7):821-840.
17
Loeppert, R. H. and Iskeep, W. P. (1996). Iron methods of soil analysis, Part 3, chemical methods, C.F: Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., and Sumner, M. E. (1996). Methods of soil analysis. Part 3-Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America Inc., Pp. 437-474.
18
Meena, R.S., Mathur, A.K. and Sharma, S.K. (2013). Determination of critical limit of iron for wheat in soils of sub-humid southern zone (IV-B) of Rajasthan. International Journal
19
Mohsin, H.A.A, (2013). Effect Different Levels of Chelated Iron on the Growth and yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Thi- Qar and Al-Muthanaa conditions. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(9):1741-1743.
20
SAS Institute, (2001). The SAS system for Windows, The SAS Inst. Cary, NC.
21
Shekh bzayni, I. T. A. (2005).The critical level of phosphorus for wheat (Triticum durum L.) in Arbil plain soils. MSc. Thesis Univ. of Salahaddin,Erbil ,College of Agriculture.
22
Sims, J.T and Johnson, G.V. (1991). Micronutrient soil tests, C.F: Mortvedt, J.J., Cox, F. R., Shuman L. M., and Welch, R. M. (2ndedt.), (1991). Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 4: 427-476.
23
Soltanpour, P. A., and Schwab, A. P. (1977). A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro‐and micro‐nutrients in alkaline soils 1. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 8(3):195-207.
24
White, P. J., and Broadley, M. R. (2009). Bio fortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets–iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine. New Phytologist, 182(1): 49-84.
25
Whitney, D. A. (1988). Micronutrient soil test zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Pp.20-22. C.F: Dahnke, W. C. (1990). Recommended chemical soil test Procedures for the North Central Region. North Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull, 499. Review
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Some Nutritional and Hematological Parameter of Normal Pregnant Woman
The present study was carried out from February 2014 until February 2015, at Halabja governorate, and include (60) sixty pregnant women who were regularly visiting the clinical center “maternity hospital”, and the investigation aimed to evaluate and study the nutritional and healthy state of pregnant women by estimating the hematological tests. The cases were divided into three groups according to pregnant ages A(16- 24) , B(24- 32) and C(32-41)years, and the period of study take last 5 months for pregnant women and first postpartum.
The results of our study summarized as following:
Generally gestation weight gain were between 4-14 Kg for three groups, and means of weight gain for each (three) group; A, B, C were 9.70, 9.06, 8.62 kg respectively.
All hematological parameters (CBC tests) of pregnant women during last five months and first postpartum month As the general, the mean ±SEM; results of WBC, RBC, PLT, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCV and MCHC were 8.88 ± 0.12 (103/µL), 4.1± 0.02 (109/µL), 224.05 ±2.84 (103/µL), 12.05± 0.07(mg/dl), 36.77± 0.20 % and 90.1± 0.44 (fl), 29.53± 0.15(pg) and 32.81± 0.08 (g/dL) respectively.) as the result of increasing the blood volume during pregnancy which leads to physiologic anemia.
The serum iron level ranged between 86.32- 97.84 µg/dl during last 5 months of pregnancy.
Lipid profile results were variable during the period of last 5 month of pregnancy, and as total means volumes of each TG, TC, HDL, LDL and VLDL were, 176.60, 205.61, 53.28, 117.33 and 80.51 mg/dl respectively.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65673_f95f9cdaed6be4f809d18a3e0faddc70.pdf
2017-07-01
357
374
10.24271/garmian.148
Shaimaa
Qaisar
1
M.Sc. Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Garmian, College of Education
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rafiq Muhammad
Rashid
2
Assistant Professor of Human Nutrition University of Sulaimani, College of Agriculture
AUTHOR
American Diabetes Association (ADA), (2012) “Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,” Diabetes Care, Vol. 35, Suppl. 1, 2012, pp. S64-S69.
1
Asif, N.; Hassan, K.; Mahmud, S.; Abbass Zaheer, H.; Naseem, L.; Zafar, T. and Shams, R. (2007) “Comparison of serum ferritin levels in three trimesters of pregnancy and their correlation with increasing gravidity.” International Journal of Pathology 5, 26-30.
2
Bar J, Harell D, Bardin R, Pardo J, Chen R, Hod M, Sullivan M. (2002), “The elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations in pre-eclampsia do not precede the development of the disorder.” Thrombosis Res 2002; 105: 19-23. 203.
3
Barqi, A. (2011) “Nutritional status and some biochemical and healthy indexes in Sulaimania.” .Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2014), “1600 Clifton Road Atlanta”, GA 30329-4027, USA
4
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2005) “Use of supplements containing folic acid among women child beareu age. United states,” 2005.
5
Crane, JM.; White, J.; Murphy, P.; Burrage, L.; Hutchens, D. (2009), “The effect of gestational weight gain by body mass index on maternal and neonatal outcomes.” J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2009;31(1):28-35.
6
Douglas, J.; Gary, R.; Reid, E and Stephan L. (1984) “ FERENE: A new spectrophotometric reagent for iron .” CAN J.Chem.62p . 721-724.
7
Fahraeus, L.; Larsson – Cohn, U. and Wallentin, L. (1995) “Plasma lipoproteins including high density lipoprotein subfractions during normal pregnancy.”Obstet. Gynecol 66:468 – 472.
8
Frederick, IO.; Williams, MA.; Sales, AE.; Martin, DP. and Killien, M. (2008) “Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and other maternal characteristics in relation to infant birth weight”. Matern Child Health J. 2008;12(5):557-67.
9
Friedwald, W.; Levy, P. and Fredrickson, D. (1972) “Estimation of concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative centrifuge.” Clin Chem 1972; 18:499-502.
10
Garn, S.; Keating, M. and Falkner, F. (1981)a “Hematological status and pregnancy outcomes,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 115–117, 1981.
11
http://krg.org/articles/detail.asp?lngnr=12&smap=03010300&rnr=140&anr=23911.
12
Ichipi-Ifukor, P.; Juliet, J.; Rita, N. and Oberhiri L. (2013) “Changes in Haematological Indices in Normal Pregnancy” Hindawi Publishing Corporation Physiology Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 283814, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/283814.
13
Jimenez, D. ; Pocovi, M. and Ramon, C. (1988) “Longitudinal Study of Plasma Lipids and Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Normal Pregnancy and Puerperium” Invest.
14
James, T. ; Reid, H. and Mullings A. (2008) “Are published standards for haematological indices in pregnancy applicable across populations: an evaluation in healthy pregnant Jamaican women,” BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 8, article 8, 2008.
15
Lorentsen, B. and Henriksen, T. (1998), Plasma lipids and vascular dysfunction in pre-eclampsia. Semin Reprod. Endocrinol. 1998; 16: 33-39.
16
Liu, A. and Lawn, R. (1995), “Vascular interactions of lipoprotein (a).” Curr Opin Lipidol 1995; 5:269–73.
17
Ministério, d. (2005) Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas. Área Técnica de Saúde da Mulher. Pré-natal e puerpério: atenção qualificada e humanizada - manual técnico. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2005.
18
Nazli, B. (2010) “Lipid metabolism study in women of pregnancy induced hypertension cases” , Ph.D THESIS, University of Peshawar ;NWFP- Pakistan
19
Osonuga, I. ; Osonuga, O.; Onadeko, A. ; Osonuga, A. and Osonuga A., (2011) “Hematological profile of pregnant women in southwest of Nigeria,” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease , vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 232–234, 2011.
20
Potter, J. and Neste, P. (1979) “The hyperlipidemia of pregnancy in normal and complicated pregnancies.” Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1979, 133; 165- 179.
21
Sattar, N.; Bendomir, A.; Berry, C.; Shepherd, J.; Greer, IA. an Packard, CJ. (1997) “ Lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in Pre-eclampsia: pathogenic parallels to atherosclerosis.” Obstet Gynecol 1997; 89:403-8.
22
Seely, EW. and Solomon, CG. (2003) “ Insulin resistance and its potential role in pregnancy induced hypertension.” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
23
Shaw, J.; Dey, S.; Critchley, H. and Horne, A. (2010) “Current knowledge of the aetiology of human tubal ectopic pregnancy,” Human Reproduction Update, vol. 16, no. 4, Article ID dmp057, pp. 432–444, 2010.
24
Stock, M. and Metcalfe, J. (1994) “Maternal physiology during gestation. In: Knobil, E. and Neil, J. D. (eds): The physiology of reproduction. Raven press, New York. 1994, Pp. 947 – 983.
25
Turpin, C.; Ahenkorah, L.; Owiredu, W.; Laing, E. and Amidu, N. (2008) “The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian pregnancy induced hypertensive patients using the World health Organisation and the national Cholesterol Education Program III criteria.” J. Med. Sci. 2008; 8: 443-451.
26
Victoria, P.; Otilia, D.; Palamaru, I.; Adam, C.; Nicoleta, F. and Doina, D. ( 2001) “MATERNAL HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME”. The journal of preventive medicine. , 2001; 9(3): 27-33.
27
Wahed, F.; Latif, M. and Mahmud, M. (2008) “Fact of low hemoglobin and packed cell volume in pregnant women are at a stand still,” MymensinghMedical Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 4–7.
28
Wald, N. and Guckle, H. (1988) “Impact of Lipid Profile on Pregnancy Outcome in Urban Population”. Br. Med. J. , 297: 883 – 887.
29
WHO (2002) " Essential Antenatal, Perinatal and Postpartum Care". Regional Office for Europe, WHO,2002.
30
WHO (2004) “Prevention and treatment of malaria during pregnancy,” 2004, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf docs/Pnada621.pdf.
31
WHO (2001) “Iron deficiency anemia: a assessment, prevention and control”. United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nation University. A guide for programme managers. Geneva: WHO, 2001.
32
WHO (2005); World Health Organization . Food & Nutrition .Clinical & Universal Book. Academia International 2th ed .ISBN:9953-3-0082-8.
33
Zhao Y, Tang H, Liu S. (2000), “Serum lipoprotein (a) in woman with pregnancy induced hypertension.” Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2000;35:145-7.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of iron critical level for main agricultural soils cultivated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Sulaimani.
The factorial pot experiment was conducted at Bakrajo Research Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, Sulaimani Governorate during thewinter growing season from 1/12/2014 to 10/6/2015 for limiting of Fe criticallevel of soils and wheat plant. The pot factorial experiment included the effectof five levels of Fe- EDDHA (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8) mg Fe kg soil-1 , soils of 20locations and their effects on growth, yield and quality of wheat usingcompletely randomized design with 4 replicates. The results indicated to thesignificant effect of applied Fe levels on grain yield of wheat, the highest meanvalue (12.66) g pot-1 was recorded from the second treatment (2 mg Fe kg -1) which ranged between (3.11-28.02) g pot-1 , while the lowest mean value (11.09) g pot-1obtained from the 5 th treatment (8 mg Fe kg -1 ) which ranged between (3.14-27.62) g pot-1 . The critical level of Fe was determined in wheat usinggraphic method and statistical method depending on iron concentration in theplant (mg kg-1 dry weight) and relative yield the iron which was (50.50 mg kg-1dry matter .While the critical level of iron in the studied soil was (2.61) mgkg-1using graphical method and (2.50) mgkg-1 depending on statistical method for the studied soils in Sulaimani governorate.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65674_782a95ca8aaead0d508e02d905e43ac2.pdf
2017-07-01
375
394
10.24271/garmian.149
Iron critical level
Wheat
calcareous soil
Akram
Esmail
1
Professor of Soil Chemistry, Univ. of Salahaddin, Erbil.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sazan
Sharef
2
Asst . lecturer at Bakrajo Agricultural Institute
AUTHOR
Ahmad, N., Rashid, M., and Vaes, A. G. (1996). Fertilizers and their use in Pakistan: an extension guide (No. 2. ed.).
1
Baruah, T. C. and Barthakur, H.P. (1999). A text book of soil analysis. Printed at Vishal printers. New- Delhi.
2
Black, C.A. (1965). Methods of soil analysis. Part2. American Society of Agronomy.lnc. Publishers Madison, Wisconsin. U.S.A.
3
Cate, R. B., and Nelson, L. A. (1971). A simple statistical procedure for partitioning soil test correlation data into two classes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 35(4): 658-660.
4
Cate, R. B., and Nelson, L. A. (1965). A rapid method for correlation of soil test analyses with plant response data. NC State University Agricultural Experiment Station.
5
Dahnke, W. C. and Olson, R. A. (1990). Soil test correlation, calibration, and recommendation. Pp 45-71., Madison, Wisconsin 1990.
6
Darwesh, D. A. and Esmail A. O. (2008). The role of supplemental irrigation and fertilizer treatments on yield componentof wheat. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture .36 (1): 30-38.
7
Hama-Amin, C.O.(2012).Using differend methods to determine critical level of potassium for wheat plant (Triticum durum L.)in Erbil plain soils .Univ. of Salahaddin, Erbil ,College of Agriculture.
8
Halverson, A.R. (2001). Soil sampling accuracy. Manual 19. Pacific. North West Fertilizer Conference .Pullman. Washington.
9
Havlin, J.L., Tisdale, S.L., Nelson W.L., and Beaton J.D (2014). Soil fertility and nutrient Management: an introduction to nutrient management. (8th edt) Pearson (p 505), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. U.S.A.
10
Havlin, J. L., and Soltanpour, P. N. (1981). Evaluation of the NH4HCO3-DTPA soil test for iron and zinc. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45(1): 70-75.
11
Hodgson J.M. (1976). Soil survey field handbook. Technical monograph (5): Pp56-57.printed in England.
12
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc. London.
13
Jarallah, Kh. A. (2005). Evaluation of iron fertility status and response of wheat in some of Mesopotamian plain soils. PhD Thesis, Dept. of Soil and water Science, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University.
14
Khdir, S.A. (2017) The role of some soilphysicochemical properties in limiting potassium critical level for Bitwen plain soils –Kurdistan region.MSC. thesis Univ. of Salahaddin, College of Agriculture.
15
Kumar, M. (2002). Effect of manganese and iron on the soil properties, nutrient uptake and performance of wheat (L.) and barley (L.) M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Raj.).
16
Lindsay, W. L., and Schwab, A. P. (1982). The chemistry of iron in soils and its availability to plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 5(4-7):821-840.
17
Loeppert, R. H. and Iskeep, W. P. (1996). Iron methods of soil analysis, Part 3, chemical methods, C.F: Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., and Sumner, M. E. (1996). Methods of soil analysis. Part 3-Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America Inc., Pp. 437-474.
18
Meena, R.S., Mathur, A.K. and Sharma, S.K. (2013). Determination of critical limit of iron for wheat in soils of sub-humid southern zone (IV-B) of Rajasthan. International Journal
19
Mohsin, H.A.A, (2013). Effect Different Levels of Chelated Iron on the Growth and yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Thi- Qar and Al-Muthanaa conditions. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(9):1741-1743.
20
SAS Institute, (2001). The SAS system for Windows, The SAS Inst. Cary, NC.
21
Shekh bzayni, I. T. A. (2005).The critical level of phosphorus for wheat (Triticum durum L.) in Arbil plain soils. MSc. Thesis Univ. of Salahaddin,Erbil ,College of Agriculture.
22
Sims, J.T and Johnson, G.V. (1991). Micronutrient soil tests, C.F: Mortvedt, J.J., Cox, F. R., Shuman L. M., and Welch, R. M. (2ndedt.), (1991). Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 4: 427-476.
23
Soltanpour, P. A., and Schwab, A. P. (1977). A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro‐and micro‐nutrients in alkaline soils 1. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 8(3):195-207.
24
White, P. J., and Broadley, M. R. (2009). Bio fortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets–iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine. New Phytologist, 182(1): 49-84.
25
Whitney, D. A. (1988). Micronutrient soil test zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Pp.20-22. C.F: Dahnke, W. C. (1990). Recommended chemical soil test Procedures for the North Central Region. North Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull, 499. Review.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of casein hydrolysate and paclobutrazol on embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Nersy by in vitro culture
Results showed that fresh and dry weight of primary and embryogenic callusincreased significant with increasing of casein or paclobutrazol after 16 weeks fromculture. The treatments of 1000 mg.L-1 casein hydrolysate and 0.5 mg.L-1paclobutrazol showed fewer periods to embryo formation reached 21.00 and 17.00days, respectively. However, the control observed the longest period to somaticembryo formation which reached 61.00 days. The treatments of 1000 mg.L-1casein hydrolysate and 1.0 mg.L-1 paclobutrazol showed the highest values 6.50 and 1.60cm length, 0.87 and 0.80 cm diameter, 0.336 and 0.361 gm fresh weight and, 0.022and 0.033 gm dry weight of embryo’s characteristics, respectively. In addition, twotreatments of paclobutrazol (0.5 and 0.7 mg.L-1 ) showed high average number ofembryos (16.33 and 16.67 embryos, respectively). In contrast, the recorded datafrom the control treatment gave demonstrated fewer values (4.33 embryos, 0.80 cmlength, 0.13 cm diameter, 0.035 gm fresh weight and 0.005 gm dry weight) ofcharacteristics of embryos. When the culture medium contained casein hydrolysateat 1000 mg.L-1 observed the highest percentage of germination (76%) and lessperiod of embryo germination (15.30) days in comparison with other treatments. Moreover, the culture medium with low concentration of paclobutrazol (0.3 mg.L-1 ), showed the highest percentage of germination (75.67%) in comparison withother treatments of paclobutrazol. However, the same concentration ofpaclobutrazol obtained the lowest period of embryo germination (14.0 days) incomparison with the other treatments. The results also showed that the callus whencultured on MS medium supplemented with 800 or 1000 mg.L-1 casein hydrolysate demonstrated indirect adventitious shoots.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65675_62c64868a9474e5c348450931a082336.pdf
2017-07-01
395
404
10.24271/garmian.150
casein hydrolysate
embryogenesis
Germination
In vitro
organogenesis
paclobutrazol
Phoenix dactylifera
Majid
Ibrahim
majidalbassiri@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Huda
Al-Taha
taha_altaha@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zyad
AL-ALI
zyadalali@yahoo.com
3
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
AUTHOR
Abo-Zaid, A.N. (2000). Plant Hormones and Agricultural Applications. Arabic House for Publishing and Printing, Second edition, The Egyptian Arabic Republic. [In Arabic].
1
Ageel, S., Elmeer, K. (2011). Effects of casein hydrolysates and glutamine on callus and somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). New York Sci. J., 4(7):121-125.
2
Al-Baker A. (1972). [Date palm past and present, the new in the cultivation, industry and trade]. Al-Ani Press, Baghdad, Iraq, pp. 1085. [In Arabic].
3
Al-Khalifa A. A. S. (2007). [Study of effect of plant growth regulators and some medium components on adventitious bud initiation from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee) callus in vitro culture]. (PhD Thesis), College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq, pp. 150.
4
Anderson, J. W. (1978). Sulpher in biology. The camelot press Ltd., Southampton. Great Britain.
5
Ibrahim, N.H.H. (2012). Some factors affecting the initiation of embryogenic callus of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Breem, and randomized multiplication indices RAPD. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.[In Arabic].
6
Igielski, R., Kepczynska, E. (2012). The effect of GA3 and paclobutrazol on somatic embryogenesis in Msdicago trucatula Gaertn. Developmental Biology Plant 42: 270-273 .
7
Khierallah, H. S. M., Hussein, N. H. (2013). The role of coconut water and casein hydrolysate in somatic embryogenesis of date palm and genetic stability detection using RAPD markes. Research in Biotechnology, 4(3):20-28.
8
Murashige T., Skoog F. A. (1962). Revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15:473-497.
9
Muter A. M. (1991). [Date palm cultivation and production]. Dar Al-Hikmah Press. Basrah University, Iraq, pp. 230. [In Arabic].
10
Ogas, J., Chen, J. T., Sung, S. R., Somerville, C. (1997). Cellular differentiation regulated by gibberellins in Arabidopsis thaliana pickle mutouf. Journal of Science, 227: 417- 423.
11
Piqueras, A., Han, B. H., Escribano, J., Rubio, C., Hellin, E., Fernandez, J. A. (1999). Development of cormogenic nodules and microcorms by tissue culture, a new tool for the multiplication and genetic improvement of saffron. Agronomy Journal, 19:603-610.
12
Plessner, O., Ziv, M., Neghbi, M. (1990). In vitro corm production in the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 26:89-
13
Rudus. I., Kepcznska, E., Kepczynski, J. J. (2002). Regulation of Medicageo sativa L. somatic embryogenesis by gibberellins. Plant Growth Regulators, 36 (1) :91-95.
14
Snedecor G. M., Cochran W. G. (1986). Statistical Methods. 9th ed., The Iowa State University, American Press, Iowa, U.S.A., pp. 507.
15
Subotic, A., Jevremovic, S., Trifunovic, M., Petric, M., Milosevic, S., Grubisic, D. (2009). The influence of gibberllic acid and paclobutrazol on induction of somatic embryogenesis in wild type and hairy root cultures of Centaurium erythraea Gillib. African Journal of Biology, 8(4):3223
16
Torrey, J. G. (1967). Development in Flowering Plant. The Macmillan Company, New York. pp 112-134.
17
Vari, E. S. (2010). Evaluation and optimizations of media on the tissue culture system of upland rice. Inter. Journal of Agriculture Biotechnology, 12(4): 537-540.
18
Wu, I.F., Chen, J. T., Chang, W.C. (2004). Effects of auxins and cytokinins on embryo formation from root-derived callus of Oncidium`Gower Ramsey`. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 77:107-109.
19
Zhong, H., Srinivasan, C., Sticken, M.B.(1991). Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in creeping bent grass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Plant Cell Reports, 10: 453- 456.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Interaction effect of planting date and foliar application on some vegetative growth characters and yield of broccoli (Brassica olerasea var italica) grown under unheated plastic tunnel
This study was conducted during autumn season of 2016 at Grdarasharesearch field, Agriculture College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, 434 meters abovesea level to determine the effect of planting date and foliar application on the yieldand some vegetative growth characters of broccoli. Seeds of Agassi F1 Hybridbroccoli cultivar were planted in the beginning of August 2016 then the seedlingswere transplanted to unheated greenhouse in two different periods of time, the firstwas on 20th October and the second one was 20 days after the first transplantingdates which was on 10th November 2016. Foliar fertilizer PRO.SOL (10+20+30)was also used with three levels (75g PRO.SOL/100 L water), (150g PRO.SOL /100L water), (225g PRO.SOL /100 L water including control (0 g PRO.SOL/100 Lwater (spray with distilled water with factorial RCBD design). The result indicatedthat planting date significantly influenced some vegetative growth characters ofbroccoli and higher result was recorded for the total yield for seedlings transplantedin November. The average weight of main and secondary heads compared to thecontrol, the main heads of the seedlings transplanted on 20th October producedhighest yield while lateral heads recorded lower weight in compare to thosetransplanted on 10th November. However, the yield of the main heads recorded abetter result for those grown in November. Foliar application had also significantlyaffected both yield and vegetative growth of broccoli. Seedlings sprayed with150g/100 L water recorded the highest yield and vegetative growth. The interactionof foliar and time had a significant effect of the total yield and some vegetativegrowth at both times. The best result recorded at both times (October andNovember) and sprayed with 150g of PRO.SOL/100 L water compare to thecontrol (0 g PRO.SOL/100 L water) and the other foliar application levels.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65676_84d82353c1ace37e5dd5911b567acc67.pdf
2017-07-01
405
418
10.24271/garmian.151
broccoli
unheated greenhouse
planting date
foliar application
vegetative growth
and total yield
Arshad
Yaseen
1
Assistant Lecturer, Horticulture Dept., College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sherwan
Ahmed
2
Assistant Lecturer, Horticulture Dept., College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Abo-Zaid, A.N. (2000). Plant Hormones and Agricultural Applications. Arabic House for Publishing and Printing, Second edition, The Egyptian Arabic Republic. [In Arabic].
1
Ageel, S., Elmeer, K. (2011). Effects of casein hydrolysates and glutamine on callus and somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). New York Sci. J., 4(7):121-125.
2
Al-Baker A. (1972). [Date palm past and present, the new in the cultivation, industry and trade]. Al-Ani Press, Baghdad, Iraq, pp. 1085. [In Arabic].
3
Al-Khalifa A. A. S. (2007). [Study of effect of plant growth regulators and some medium components on adventitious bud initiation from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee) callus in vitro culture]. (PhD Thesis), College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq, pp. 150.
4
Anderson, J. W. (1978). Sulpher in biology. The camelot press Ltd., Southampton. Great Britain.
5
Ibrahim, N.H.H. (2012). Some factors affecting the initiation of embryogenic callus of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Breem, and randomized multiplication indices RAPD. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.[In Arabic].
6
Igielski, R., Kepczynska, E. (2012). The effect of GA3 and paclobutrazol on somatic embryogenesis in Msdicago trucatula Gaertn. Developmental Biology Plant 42: 270-273 .
7
Khierallah, H. S. M., Hussein, N. H. (2013). The role of coconut water and casein hydrolysate in somatic embryogenesis of date palm and genetic stability detection using RAPD markes. Research in Biotechnology, 4(3):20-28.
8
Murashige T., Skoog F. A. (1962). Revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15:473-497.
9
Muter A. M. (1991). [Date palm cultivation and production]. Dar Al-Hikmah Press. Basrah University, Iraq, pp. 230. [In Arabic].
10
Ogas, J., Chen, J. T., Sung, S. R., Somerville, C. (1997). Cellular differentiation regulated by gibberellins in Arabidopsis thaliana pickle mutouf. Journal of Science, 227: 417- 423.
11
Piqueras, A., Han, B. H., Escribano, J., Rubio, C., Hellin, E., Fernandez, J. A. (1999). Development of cormogenic nodules and microcorms by tissue culture, a new tool for the multiplication and genetic improvement of saffron. Agronomy Journal, 19:603-610.
12
Plessner, O., Ziv, M., Neghbi, M. (1990). In vitro corm production in the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 26:89-
13
Rudus. I., Kepcznska, E., Kepczynski, J. J. (2002). Regulation of Medicageo sativa L. somatic embryogenesis by gibberellins. Plant Growth Regulators, 36 (1) :91-95.
14
Snedecor G. M., Cochran W. G. (1986). Statistical Methods. 9th ed., The Iowa State University, American Press, Iowa, U.S.A., pp. 507.
15
Subotic, A., Jevremovic, S., Trifunovic, M., Petric, M., Milosevic, S., Grubisic, D. (2009). The influence of gibberllic acid and paclobutrazol on induction of somatic embryogenesis in wild type and hairy root cultures of Centaurium erythraea Gillib. African Journal of Biology, 8(4):3223
16
Torrey, J. G. (1967). Development in Flowering Plant. The Macmillan Company, New York. pp 112-134.
17
Vari, E. S. (2010). Evaluation and optimizations of media on the tissue culture system of upland rice. Inter. Journal of Agriculture Biotechnology, 12(4): 537-540.
18
Wu, I.F., Chen, J. T., Chang, W.C. (2004). Effects of auxins and cytokinins on embryo formation from root-derived callus of Oncidium`Gower Ramsey`. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 77:107-109.
19
Zhong, H., Srinivasan, C., Sticken, M.B.(1991). Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in creeping bent grass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Plant Cell Reports, 10: 453- 456.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Interaction Effect of Seed Size, Growing Media and Period of Sampling on Growth Characters of Pinus brutia Ten. Seedling at Grdarasha /Erbil
This investigation was conducted during (25/9/2014 to 25/9/ 2015) at Grdarashafield/ Salahaddin University, Erbil/College of Agriculture with GPS reading ofelevation 419 m. Longitude 36.109 N Latitude 44.018 E. The interaction of seedsize, growing media and period of sampling on growth character of Pinus brutiaTen. seedling was investigated by using poly bag pots. The studied factorsincluded three seed sizes (large, medium and small), five growth media (control(field soil), control+ loamy soil, control+ compost, control+ peat moss, control+loamy soil + compost+ peat moss) and three periods (25th of March, 25th of Juneand September, 2015 ) and their interactions on germination and seedlingperformance of Pinus brutia Ten. using factorial experiment based on CRD designwith three replications. The results indicated that the seed size affected significantlyon the studied characters. The highest values of shoot diameter, shoot fresh weight,root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and Quality index were (2.74,2.69, 1.73, 0.94, 0.54, and 0.25) recorded from large seed size respectively. Whilein general the period of sampling affected significantly on the seedling characters(shoot diameter, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight,shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and Quality index). The highest values of themwere (3.13, 17.18, 68.93, 4.16, 1.98, 1.49, 0.76, and 0.29) recorded from thirdperiod respectively.On the other hand, the growth media affected significantly on most of the studiedseedling characters. The highest values of (shoot diameter, shoot fresh weight, rootfresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight) were (3.12, 16.83, 4.69, 2.26,1.55, and 0.74) recorded from media 3 respectively. Combination treatmentsamong seed size, growth media and period were also affected significantly on mostof the studied characters. The highest values of (shoot diameter, shoot length, shootfresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight) were (4.11,26.50, 10.71, 4.25, 3.88, and 1.84) which recorded from combination treatment ofthird period, large seed size and media 3 respectively.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65677_745ad019c44329dad5735289e2111dfd.pdf
2017-07-01
419
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10.24271/garmian.152
Growth media
Seed size
Period of sampling
Pine seedlings
Shaima
Karim
1
Salahaddin University, Agriculture College, Forestry Department, Erbil, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Talat
Ameen
2
Salahaddin University, Agriculture College, Forestry Department, Erbil, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Narin
Ali
3
Salahaddin University, Agriculture College, Forestry Department, Erbil, Iraq
AUTHOR
Ali, N.S. (2015). Temporal variation of the nutrients content of the forest trees and soils at Hijran and Zawita sites, MSc. Thesis. Univ. of Salahaddin. College of Agriculture.
1
Ahmadloo, F., Tabari, M., Yousef zadeh H., Kooch , Y., and Rahmani, A. (2012). Effects of soil nutrient on seedling performance of arizona cypress and medite cypress. Annals of Biological Research, 3 (3):1369-1380
2
Aklibasinda,M.; Tunc, T. Bulut, Y. and Sahin, U. (2011). Effect of different growth media on Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) production. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(3): 535-541 ,ISSN: 1018-7081
3
Aldrete, A. and Mexal, J. G.(2005). Sowing Depth, Media, and Seed Size Interact To Influence Emergence of Three Pine Species. Tree Planter`s Notes, Vol. 51, No.1.
4
Al-Rawi, K. M. and Khalaf-Allah, A. M. (2000). Design and analysis for Agricultural experiments. Directorate of book house of publishing and pressing. University of Mosul. Iraq.
5
Arjunan, M.C., Antony, K.A. and Ponnammal, N.R. (1994). Effect of seed size on germination, viability and seedling biomass in Pongamia pinnata Pierre, Van Vigyan, 32, 23-28.
6
Cicek, E. and Tilki, F. (2007). Seed size effects on germination, survival and seedling growth of Castanea sativa Mill. Journal of Biological Sciences 7(2):438-441.
7
Darwesh, D.A. (2007). Role of Supplemental Irrigation and Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Nutrients Balance in Wheat by Using Modified DRIS, PhD. Thesis. Univ.of Salahaddin, College of Agriculture.
8
Durgapal, A., Pandey, A. and Palni, L.M.( 2002). The use of rhizosphere soil for improved establishment of conifers at nursery stage for application in plantation programmes. J. Sustainable For., 15: 57-73.
9
Ellis, R.H. (1992). "Seed and seedling vigor in relation to crop growth and yield." Plant Growth Regulation, 11 , 249-255.
10
Foster, S. A. (1986). On the adaptive value of large seeds for tropical moist forest trees: a review and synthesis. Botanical Review 52: 260–299.
11
Himanen, K., Pekka, H., Tiina, Y. and Markku, N. (2016). Intracone variation explains most of the variance in Picea abies seed weight: implications for seed sorting, Can. J. For. Res. 46: 470–477.
12
Indira, E.P. Chand Basha S. and Chacko, K.C. (2000). Effect of seed size grading on germination and growth of Teak (Tectona grandis) seedlings, J. Trop. For. Sci., 12 (1),21-27.
13
Ismail, O. M. and M. Kardoush (2011). The impact of some nutrient substances on germination and growth seedling of Pistacia vera L. Australian J. Basic and Applied Sci. 5(5): 115-120.
14
Lusk, C.H. (1995). Seed size, establishment sites and species co-existence in a Chilean rain forest, Jour. Vegetation Sci., 6, 249-256 .
15
Mathur, S. P., and Voisin, B. (1996). The use of compost as greenhouse growth media. Final report, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ontario.
16
Mazer, S. J. (1989). Ecological, taxonomic and life history correlates of seed mass among Indiana dune angiosperms. Ecological Monographs 59: 153–175.
17
Olle, M. and Akvile, V. (2013). The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality. Agricultural and food science. 22:223-234.
18
Parker ,W.C. , Noland ,T.L. and Morneault ,A.E. (2004). Effect of seed mass on early seedling growth of five eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) families under contrasting light environments. Can. J. Bot. 82: 1645–1655.
19
SAS, (2005). Statistical analysis system institute, Cary NC, USA.
20
Şahin, Ü., A. Hanay, and Anapal, Ö. (1997). A study on the use of pumice in soilless culture in greenhouses. Proc. 1st Isparta Pumice Symposium, Isparta, 133-139.
21
Salisbury, J. W. and Graham, R. H. (1974). Meteorite Spectra and Weathering. Journal of geophysical research. vol. 79, NO. 29.
22
Seiwa, K. and Kikuzawa, K. (1991). Phenology of tree seedlings in relation to seed size. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 532–538.
23
Sharma, K.K. and Sood, O.P. (1990). Germination behavior of seed of Leucaena leucocephala, as influenced by various treatments and seed sizes, Van Vigyan, 28 (3),99-105.
24
Singh, V. and Shah, V.K. (1992). Effect of seed weight on germination and seedling growth in Silver fir (Abies pindrow ), Van Vigyan, 30, 104-106 .
25
Tabatabaii, M. and Ghasriani, F. (1993). Natural resources of Kurdistan. Jahade daneshgahi Publication.767 p.
26
Thompson, B.E. (1984). Establishing a vigorous nursery crop: bed preparation, seed sowing and early seed growth. In: Forest nursery manual- production of bareroot seedlings (M. L. Duryea and T. D., Landis, eds.). Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. Martines Nijhoff/Dr .W. Junk Publishers, 41-49 p.
27
Vilela, A. E. and Ravetta, D. A. (2001). The effect of seed scarification and soil media on germination, growth, storage and survival of seedlings of five species of Prosopis L. (mimosaceae). Arid Environments. 48 : 171-184.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Hydroxylated Chalcones by using BF3.Et2O via Claisen-Schmidt Condensation
The chalcones and their derivatives are important intermediates in organic synthesis. They serve as starting material for the synthesis of variety of heterocyclic compounds which are of physio-logical importance. In this study, two hydroxylated chalcone named as (2′,4′,4- trihydroxychalcone and 4′,4-dihydroxychalcone) together with 2′,4′,4,6′-tetrahydroxy-3′- prenylchalcone were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of various hydroxyacetophe-none and 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-C-prenylacetophenone for prenylated chalcone with 4- hydroxybenzaldyhe using BF3.Et2O. The structures of all compounds were characterized usingspectroscopic methods (NMR and IR).
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65679_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
2017-07-01
433
440
10.24271/garmian.153
hydroxylated chalcone
prenylchalcone
Claisen-Schmidt condensation
BF3.Et2O
H1 NMR and IR
Aso
Hasan
aso.hameed@garmian.edu.krd
1
*University of Garmian, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kurdistan- Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shajarahtunnur
Jamil
2
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, UTM Skudai.
AUTHOR
1. Manmohan, S., Arindam, P. and Pratap, S. H. (2011). Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Chalcone Derivatives: An Intermediate for Various Heterocyclics Compounds. International journal of pharmaceutical innovations, 1(1), 1-7.
1
2. Shamaun, S. S., Rahmani, M., Hashim, N. M., Ismail, H. B. M., Sukari, M. A., Lian, G. E. C. and Go, R. (2010). Prenylated flavones from Artocarpus altilis. Journal of natural medicines, 64(4), 478-481.
2
3. Jayasinghe, L., Balasooriya, B. A. I S., Padmini, W. C., Hara, N. and Fujimoto, Y. (2004). Geranyl chalcone derivatives with antifungal and radical scavenging properties from the leaves of Artocarpus nobilis. Phytochemistry, 65(9), 1287–1290.
3
4. Abegaz, B. M., Ngadjui, B.T., Dongo, E. and Tamboue, H. (1998). Prenylated Chalcones And Flavones From The Leaves of Dorstenia Kameruniana. Phytochemistry, 49(4), 1147-1150.
4
5. Kochummen, K. M. and Go, R. (2000). Moraceae. In Tree Flora Sabah and Sarawak; Ampang Press: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 181–212.
5
6. Hakim, E. H., Achmad, S. A., Juliawaty, L. D., Makmur, L., Syah, Y. M., Aimi, N., Kitajima, M., Takayama, H. and Ghisalberti, E.L. (2006). Prenylated flavonoids and related compounds of the Indonesian Artocarpus (Moraceae), Journal of Natural Medicines, 60(3), 161–184.
6
7. Jamil, S., Sirat, H. M., Jantan, I., Aimi, N. and Kitajima, M. (2008). A New Prenylated Dihydrochalcone From The Leaves of Artocarpus Lowii. Journal of natural medicines, 62(3), 321-324.
7
8. Fang, S. C., Hsu, C. L., Yu, Y. S. and Yen, G. C. (2008). Cytotoxic effects of new geranyl chalcone derivatives isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus communis in SW 872 human liposarcoma cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 56(19), 8859-8868.
8
9. Narender, T. and Papi Reddy, K. (2007). A simple and highly efficient method for the synthesis of chalcones by using borontrifluoride-etherate. Tetrahedron letters, 48(18), 3177-3180.
9
10. Solomons, T., W., G. and Fryhl, C. (2009). Organic Chemistry. (10th Ed). Wiley: 103-104
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nutritional, Phytochemical, Phenolic Compound Analysis of Piper Cubeba Extract as a Food Fortified
Indian spices that provide flavor, color, and aroma to food also possess many therapeuticproperties. So the present study was aimed to extract the phytochemical compounds in Pipercubeba, used as food fortifiers. The extract was investigated for the richness of its bioactivecompounds. The aqueous of P. cubeba extract was subjected to sensitive gas chromatography– mass spectroscopy GC-MS analysis revealed 10 chemical constituents. Extract exhibits potentially bioactive major constituents like Cyclohexanol, Carbamic acid, p-Methoxyamphetamine, Bioxirane and Linalol. Further presented the total carbohydrate, elements, such as Ca, Mg, Se, K and Fe were in highest proportion in the aqueous extract ofPiper cubeba. The aqueous extract was injected to HPLC to detect the phenolic compounds inthe extract like Gallic acid, Caffeic acid,Syringic acid, Ferulicacid,Rutin and Catechin. Wehave investigated the antimicrobial activity of water extract from P. Cubeba against majorskin pathogens Staphylococccus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus vulgaris andKoucria rosia. . The presence of some phytochemicals (saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids,cardiac glycosides, tannins and terpenoids) and some essential minerals proves that it is reallyan alternative source of medicine.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65678_c459f793a80bffb59f56cc9feae7ad8f.pdf
2017-07-01
441
452
10.24271/garmian.154
P. Cubeba extract
phytochemical analysis
antibacterial
Minerals
GC-MS
DPPH and HPLC
Ramal
Mustafa
1
University of Garmian, College of Education, Chemistry Department
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sundus
Hameed
2
University Of Almustansria, College of Science, Biology Department
AUTHOR
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1
2. M. M. Gayasuddin, S. S. Shakil, and S. Kavimani, “Effect of ethanolic extract of P. Cubeba Linn. fruits on activity of pioglitazone,” International Journal of Pharmacy & Industrial Research, vol. 1, pp. 312–314, 2011.
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8. Kekuda, P.T.R; Rakesh, K.N.; Syed J. and Dileep, N . Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Streptomyces species SRDP-H03 isolated from soil of Hosudi, Karantaka, India. J. of Drug Deli. & Thera., 3(4): 47-53 47, 2013.
8
10. Trease G.E., Evans W.C. Pharmacognosy, 12th edn. Bailliere Tindall, East Bourne, 1983. BN213UN.
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11. Venkata, R., Samuel, L., Pardha, S.M., Narashimha, R. Naga, V.K.A., Sudhakar, M., and Radhakrishnan, T.M. Antibacterial, antioxidant activity and GC-MS Analysis of Eupatorium odoratum. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 5. Suppl 2, 0974-2441, 2012.
10
12. Margareth B. C. Gallo., Miranda J. Sarachine. Biological activates of Lupeol. International journal of biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences 3 (special issue 1): 46-66, 2009.
11
13. Hema, R., Kumaravel, S., and Alagusundaram. GC/MS Determination of Bioactive components of Murraya koenigii. Journal of American Science, 7(1), 2011.
12
14. Pinelo M, Manzocco L, Nunez MJ, Nicoli MC. Interaction among phenols in food fortification: negative synergism on antioxidant capacity. J Agric Food Chem52(5):1177–80, 2004
13
15. Halvorsen R, Carlsen M, Phillips K, Bohn S, Holte K, Jacobs D, Jr, Blonhoff R. Content of redox-active compounds (ie, antioxidants) in foods consumed in the United States. Am J Clin Nut 84:95–135, 2006.
14
16. Koleva I.I.,. Van Beek T.A, Linssen J.P.H., de Groot A. and. Evstatieva L.N. Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: A comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochem. Anal. 2002;(13).
15
17. Geldof N, Engeseth NJ. Antioxidant capacity of honeys from various floral sources based on the determination of oxygen radical absorbance capacity and inhibition of in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in human serum samples. J Agric Food Chem50:3050–5, 2002.
16
18. Nooman Khalaf A., Shakya Ashok K., Al-OZthman Atif, Zaha, El-agbar Farah Husni. Antioxidant Activity of Some Common Plants. Turk J Biol. 2008; 32:51-55.
17
19. Choi E.M., Hwang J.K. Effect of some medicinal plants on plasma antioxidant system and lipid levels in rats. Phytother Res. 2005;(19):382-386.
18
20. Tognetti, R.; Johnson, J.D. The effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and nutrient supply on gas exchange, carbohydrates and foliar phenolics concentration in live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) seedlings. Ann. For. Sci. 1999, 56, 379–389.
19
21. Den-Hertog, J.; Stulen, L.; Fonseca, E.; Delea, P. Modulation of carbon and nitrogen allocation in Urtica diocia and Plantago major by elevated CO2: Impact of accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates and ontogenic drift. Physiol. Plant. 1996, 98, 77–88.
20
22. Aboaba, O.; Efuwape, B.M. Antibacterial Properties of Some Nigerian Species. Bio. Res. Comm. 2001, 13, 183-188.
21
23. Ababutain IM. Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Some Medicinal Plant. Australian J of Basic and Applied Sciences 2011; 5: 678-683.
22
24. Pundir RK, Jain P. Comparative Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) and Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) Extracts. International J of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 2010; I (2): 492-501.
23
25. Adebisi, G.A., Oyeleke, G.A. “Studies on Ficus capensis (Fruit and Leaf): Proximate and Mineral Coms”. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7 (3), 1765-1761, 2009.
24
26. Papp, L.V., Lu, J., Holmgren, A., Khanna, K.K. "From Selenium to Selenoproteins: Synthesis, Identity, and Their Role in Human Health". Antioxidants & redox signaling, 9 (7), 806-775, 2007.
25
27. Bongoni, R., Steenbekkers, L.P.A., Verkerk, R., van Boekel, M.A.J.S., Dekker, M. "Studying Consumer Behaviour Related to the Quality of Food A Case onVegetable reparation Affecting Sensory and Health Attributes". Trends i n Food Science & Technology, 33 (2), 145-139, 2013.
26
28. Sies H., Stahl W. Vitamin E and C, beta carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995; 62:13115S-21S.
27
29. Vijayakumar R.S., Surya D., Nalini N. Antioxidant efficiency of black pepper and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress. Redox Rep. 2004;9(2):105-110.
28
30. Atal C.K., Dubey A.K., Singh J. Biochemical basis of enhanceddrug availability by piperine, J. Exp. Ther. 1985; (232): 258-262.
29
31. Sofowara A. Medicinal plants and Traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria. (1993) 289.
30
32. Harborne J.B. Phytochemical Methods, a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, 3rd Edn. Springer (India) Private Limited, NewDelhi (1998).
31
33. Mukherjee P.K.. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs, an approach to evaluation of botanicals, 1st Edn. Business Horizons, New Delhi, 2002.
32
34. Kim K.T., Yoo K.M., Lee J.W., Eom S.H., Hwang I.K., Lee C.Y. Protective effect of steamed American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliusL.) on V79-4 cells induced by oxidative stress. J. Ethnopharm.2007;(111):443-445.
33
35. Aqil F., Ahmed I., Mehmood Z. Antioxidant and free radicalscavenging properties of twelve traditionally used Indian medicinal plants.Turk J Biol. 2006;(30): 177-183.
34
36. Dorman H.J., Deans S.G. Antimicrobial agents from plants:antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol.2000;(88):308-316.
35
37. Demiray S., Pintado M.E. and Castro P.M.L. Evaluation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of Turkish medicinal plantsTilia argentea, Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots.World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol.,2009;(54):312-317.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial evaluation of Some Synthesis Complexes of Azo-dye Ligands.
In present work, two ligands, azo Schiff-base (AZD1 and AZD2), were synthesized by twosteps. Firstly, Schiff-bases were prepared by condensation of Salicyldehyde with anthranilic acid, followed by diazotization of aromatic amines and their subsequent coupling reaction with Schiff-bases. Consequently, 8 complexes of the type [M(AZD1)Cl2] and [M(AZD2)Cl2], where M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II); were synthesized and characterized with the help of molarconductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, FT-IR, micro elemental analysis , H1 NMR,and Uv–visible spectroscopy. The spectral data revealed that the ligands act as bidentate ligand,the hydroxyl of carboxylic group and the azo group in AZD1 and hydroxyl of phenyl group andthe azomethin group in AZD2 ligand are co-ordination to the central metal atoms. Lastly, all thecompounds were screened for their antibacterial activity, using well-diffusion method. Inconclusion, the ligands and some of the complexes exhibited appreciable antibacterial activityagainst Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus haemolyticus andStaphylococcus aurous.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65680_d6dfa2c81a27714ed399252cf3c4eea1.pdf
2017-07-01
453
462
10.24271/garmian.155
Azo Schiff base
Azo Schiff base complexes
antibacterial activity and spectral studies
Rahman
MohameedMurad
rahmanazeez@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Educational, Garmian University, Sulaimania, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aso
Hasan
aso.hameed@garmian.edu.krd
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Garmian University, Sulaimania, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
, Rokan
Kareemc
3
Laboratory department, General Hospital of Kalar, Sulaimania, Iraq.
AUTHOR
1- Raziyeh Arab Ahmadi and Saeid Amani , Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis, Magnetic Properties and Biological Activity Studies of Cu(II) and Co(II) Complexes with Schiff Base Dye Ligands, Molecules 2012, 17, 6434-6448.
1
2- Hudson, S.A.; Maitlis, P.M. Calamitic metallomesogens: Metal-containing liquid crystals with rodlike shapes. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 861–885.
2
3- S. B. Savvin, V. P. Ded Kova and D. P. Shvoeva; Russ. Chem. Rev, 69 (2000) 187 200.
3
4- J. M. Veauthier, E. J. Schelter, C. J. Kuehl, A. E. Clark and B. D. John; Inorganic Chem., 44 (2005) 5911.).
4
5- E.Yildiz and H.Boztepe., Synthesis of Novel Acidic Mono Azo Dyes and an Investigation of Their Use in Textile Industry.Turk Journal of Chem.26, 897-903, 2002
5
6- [K.R.Raghavendra and K.Ajay Kumar, Synthesis Of Some Novel Azo Dyes And Their Dyeing, Redox And Antifungal Properties . Int. J. of Chem.Tech. Res., 5 ,4 , 1756-1760,2013.
6
7- Swati, Ginni, Romila, Karnawat, I.K.Sharma, P.S.Verma, (2011). Synthesis, Characterzation and antimicrobial screening of applied biology and pharmaceutical technology, 2(2) 332.
7
8- Pahontu, E., F. Julea, T. Rosu , V. Purcarea, Y. Chumakov, P. Petrenco, A. Gulea. Antibacterial, antifungal and in vitro antileukaemia activity of metal complexes with thiosemicarbazones. J. Cell. Mol. Med.19, (4): 865-878. (2015). Doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12508.
8
9- Hasan, A. H. and MohameedMurad, R. A. (2017). Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Heavy Metal Complexes with Azo-Schiff Base Ligands. Journal of Garmin University. 12 (1).118-127. doi.org/10.24271/garmian.5
9
10- Asieh Yahyazadeh and Vahid Azimi, SYNTHESIS OF SOME UNSYMMETRICAL NEW SCHIFF BASES FROM AZO DYES, Eur. Chem. Bull., 2(7), 453-455, 2013.
10
11- C. Anitha, S. Sumathi, P. Tharmaraj,and C. D. Sheela, Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Some TransitionMetal Complexes Derived from Novel Hydrazone Azo Schiff Base Ligand, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Article ID 493942, 2011.
11
12- Hoda A. Bayoumi, Abdel-Nasser M.A. Alaghaz and Mutlak Sh. Aljahdali, Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cr(III) Complexes with N2O2-Chelating Schiff`s Base Ligand Incorporating Azo and Sulfonamide Moieties: Spectroscopic, Electrochemical Behavior and Thermal Decom Studies, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 9399 – 9413.
12
13- Moamen S. Refat, Mohamed Y. El-Sayed, Abdel Majid A. Adam, Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of new Schiff base ligand: Synthesis, thermal and spectroscopic characterizations, Journal of Molecular Structure 1038 (2013) 62–72.
13
14- A.A.M. Belal 1, I.M. El-Deen1, N.Y. Farid 1, Rosan Zakaria 1 and Moamen S. Refat, Synthesis, spectroscopic, coordination and biological activities of some transition metal complexes containing ONO tridentate Schiff base ligand, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (2015).
14
15- Oforka, N.C.; Mkpenie, V.N. A new method of synthesis of azo Schiff base ligands with azo and azomethine donors: Synthesis of N-4-methoxy-benzylidene-2-(3 hydroxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxyaniline and its nickel(II) complex. Chin. J. Chem. 2007, 25, 869–871.
15
16- Camilla Moretto dos Reis, Danilo Sousa Pereira, Rojane de Oliveira Paiva Lucimar Ferreira Kneipp and Aurea Echevarria, Molecules, 16, 10668-10684, (2011).
16
17- Omima M.I. Adly , Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 79, 1295– 1303 (2011).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations using Spectrophotometric method
In this study a simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method has beenused for determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pure form as well as inpharmaceutical tablet preparations. This study is adopted on the oxidative coupling reactionusing 4-methoxy aniline as a new chromogenic reagent with ammonium cerium(IV) sulphatedihydrate as oxidizing agent in acidic medium to form a violet water soluble dye withabsorption at 555 nm. The molar absorptivity 17775 liter / mol .cm and the method obeyedLambert-Beer’s law in the concentration range 1.0 – 18.0 μg/ml of TFPH, the relativestandard deviation value ranges from 1.333-1.665 % depending on the concentration level ofTFPH. This study has been applied successfully to the estimation of trifluoperazinehydrochloride in two pharmaceutical preparations (Iralzin and Salabid tablets).
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65682_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
2017-07-01
463
473
10.24271/garmian.156
spectrophotometric
TFPH
4-methoxy aniline
IsraaT
Humeidy
dr.israatalib@yahoo.com
1
Dept. of Chemical Engineering/ College of Engineering / University of Tikrit
AUTHOR
1-British Pharmacopeia, 2009, 6th Ed., by system simulation ltd., the stationary office, London, in CD-ROM"
1
2- http://www.webmd.com/drugs /trifluoperazine tablet.
2
3- http://www.rxlist.com/stelazine-drug.
3
4- Ross, J. and Tarazi,I. , 2006;`` Pharmacotherapy of Psychosis andManin,`` 11th Ed . New York, p 978- 981.
4
5- Abbas, S.S.; Zaazaa, H.E.;Abdelkawy, M. and Abdelrahman, M. M., 2010; "Spectrophotometric determination of isopropamide iodide and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in presence of trifluoperazine oxidative degradate "Drug Test Anal., 2(4), 168-181.
5
6- Al-Sabha, T. N. and Al-Taee, O. A., 2010;" Spectrophotometric determination of trifluoperazine via oxidative coupling reaction with sulfanilic acid" J. Edu. & Sci.,23(1), 6-14.
6
7-Ahmed,N. R., 2014;"Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Trifluoperazine. HCl in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Environmental Wastewater Samples: Application to Content Uniformity Testing. "R.R.J.P.A, 3 (2), 30 – 34.
7
8- Al-Rufaie, M. M. and kathem, K. H.,2014 ; " New spectrophotometric method for determination trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations by using oxidative coupling reaction" World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 1202 – 1214.
8
9- Prashanth, K. N.; Swamy,N. and Basavaiah, K.,2016 ; " Rapid spectrophotometric determination of trifluoperazine dihydrochlorids base form in pharmaceutical formulation through charge-transfer complexation"Acta.Poloniae Pharmaceutica- Drug Research, 73 ( 3 ), 627- 636.
9
10- Bhaskar Reddy, C.M.; Subba Reddy, G.V. and Ananda Kumar Reddy,N.,2012 ; "Development and validation of U V spectrophotometric method for determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form" International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2)8(,1-5.
10
11- Khammas , Z. A-A. and Rashid,R. A.,2015; "Mutual determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride and vanadium (V) ions in real matrices by visible spectrophotometry after cloud point extraction"Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry,3(5), 61-70.
11
12- Waleed,A. Q. ;Khammas ,Z.A-A.;Al-Ayash, A.S. and Jasim, F.,2011; "An indirect atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals" Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering , 36 (4), 553-563.
12
13- Qasim, A. W. and Khammas,Z. A. A.,2010;"An indirect atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations based on chelate formation with palladium(II) "E-Journal of Chemistry,S433- S441,7(S1).
13
14- Dhabab, J. M.; Al-Ameri, S.A.H.and Taufeeq, A.H.,2013;"Separation and determination of trifluoperazine and prochlorperazine in pharmaceutical preparations by HPLC "Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences,13(1), 14–18.
14
15-Dhabab , J. M.,2011 ; "Simultaneous determination of chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine in pharmaceutical preparations using high performance liquid chromatography"Al- Mustansiriya J. Sci, 22(2), 123-128.
15
16- Patel, K. V.; Mandev, B. and Nishith, K.,2015;" Analytical methodndevelopment and validation for simultaneous estimation of trifluoperazine, chlordiazepoxide and trihexiphenidyl in its pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC "J. Pharm. Sci. Bioscientific Res., 5(6),556-564.
16
17- Sharma. D; Shrivastava, A.; Duggal, D.and Patel,A.,2010;"Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of trifluoperazine hydrochloride as API and estimation in tablet dosage forms"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, 2(2),38-41.
17
18- Suman, P. and Ash Rani, Y., 2015 ;"Novel RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of trifluoperazine and isopropamide in tablet dosage form"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,7(1),105-109.
18
19-Ruedas Ram, M.J.; Ruiz Medina ,A. and Molina Dı́az, A., 2004 ; "Bead injection spectroscopy-flow injection analysis (BIS-FIA): an interesting tool applicable to pharmaceutical analysis: Determination of promethazine and trifluoperazine"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,35(5), 1027–1034.
19
20-Hassan, A.K.; Ameen, S.T.;Saad, B. and Al-Aragi, S.M.,2009 ;"Potentiometric sensors for the determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations" Anal. Sci., 25(11),1295- 1299.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Rapid, Accurate and Easy Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Lubricating Oil Using ICP-OES
A procedure of extraction by emulsion breaking (EIEB) was developed for determination of trace elements in 10 different lubrication oil samples. It was based on the preparation of an emulsion followed by breaking the emulsion by centrifugation. The aqueous phase was extracted and collected for determination the trace elements using inductive coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy. The chemical and physical variables influencing the extraction were optimized. The LODs obtained were ranged from 1.2 µg L-1 to 5.8 µg L-1. The RSDs ranged from 1.1% to 6.7%. EIEB was suitable for determination of the analytes at µg L-1 levels in lubricants samples collected from several markets in Kalar and Sulaimani Cities
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65684_c6ced2c879b48ddb64b33dc27be55be9.pdf
2017-07-01
485
496
10.24271/garmian.158
trace elements
extraction by emulsion
lubricating oil and ICP-OES
Hersh
Noori
hersh.jalil@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Garmian University- Kalar, Sulaimani
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azad
Alshatteri
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University- Erbil)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nabil
Fakhre
3
AUTHOR
1. McElroy, F., et al., Uses and applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the petrochemical industry.Spectroscopy, 1998. 13(2): p. 42-+.
1
2. B.Y, C., PCA: The Basic Building Block of Chemometrics. 2012.
2
3. Souza, R.M., C.L.P. da SILVEIRA, and R.Q. Aucelio, Determination of refractory elements in used oil by ICPOES employing emulsified sample introduction and calibration with inorganic standards. Analytical sciences, 2004. 20(2): p. 351-355.
3
4. Yawar, W., Determination of wear metals in lube oils by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2010. 65(5): p. 489-491.
4
5. Salvador, A., M. de La Guardia, and V. Berenguer, Determination of the total iron content of used lubricating oils by atomic-absorption with use of emulsions. Talanta, 1983. 30(12): p. 986-988.
5
6. Barbooti, M.M., et al., Use of silica gel in the preparation of used lubricating oil samples for the determination of wear metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst, 1990. 115(8): p. 1059-1061.
6
7. Bellido-Milla, D., et al., Rapid procedure to determine wear metals in lubricating oils and the analysis of variance in the evaluation of sample preparation procedures. Microchimica Acta, 2002. 138(1-2): p. 59-64.
7
8. Costa, L.M., et al., Use of factorial design for optimization of microwave-assisted digestion of lube oil. Jurnal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2005. 16(6A): p. 1269-1274.
8
9. Vahaoja, P., et al., Determination of wear metals in lubrication oils: a comparison study of ICP-OES and FAAS. Analytical sciences, 2005. 21(11): p. 1365-1369.
9
10. Brown, R.J., Determination of trace metals in petroleum and petroleum products using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 1983. 38(1-2): p. 283-289.
10
11. Aucélio, R.Q., A.J. Curtius, and B. Welz, Sequential determination of Sb and Sn in used lubricating oil by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using Ru as a permanent modifier and microemulsion sample introduction. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2000. 15(10): p. 1389-1393.
11
12. Saba, C.S. and K.J. Eisentraut, Determination of molybdenum wear metal in lubricating oils by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a particle size independent method. Analytical Chemistry, 1979. 51(12): p. 1927-1930.
12
13. Burguera, J.L. and M. Burguera, Analytical applications of emulsions and microemulsions. Talanta, 2012. 96: p. 11-20.
13
14. Leite, C.C., et al., Determination of Fe, Cr and Cu in used lubricating oils by ET AAS using a microemulsion process for sample preparation. Analytical Methods, 2015. 7(8): p. 3363-3371.
14
15. Ahmad, H., et al., determination of wear elements in tractor oil: comparison between aas and icp-oes techniques. Nigerian institution of agricultural engineers, 2014. 22(1): p. 19.
15
16. CHEN, Z.-j., et al., Determination of Metals in Lubricating Oil with Domestic ICP-AES [J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2010. 4: p. 049.
16
17. Marume, C., Elemental determination of lubricating grease using ICP-OES. 2015.
17
18. Duyck, C., et al., Trace element determination in crude oil and its fractions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ultrasonic nebulization of toluene solutions. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2002. 57(12): p. 1979-1990
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Male Reproductive Hormones on Sperm Activity via Regulation of Semen Antioxidant Levels
New relationship between Hormones and Antioxidants has been proposed. The levelsof several hormones correlate well with different Antioxidants activities in different tissues.The study conducted to find a relationship between serum male reproductive hormonesandsemen Antioxidantlevels and sperm activity.Samples of infertile group consist of Asthenozoospermia ASZ (n=31) and healthy fertile menas a control (n=24). The patients have been selected and examined according to (W.H.O2010) semen analysis manual criteria. In addition th biochemical analysis of seminal plasmaincluding (Total antioxidant capacity TAC, Glutathione Reductase GRD, glutathione andMalondialdehyde MDA) and serum (LH, FSH and Testosterone) were assayed for eachsample.Results show a decrease in TAC level of ASZ group as compared to control (439.1±207.9 and834.5±253.7 μM), and a significant decrease in seminal glutathione levels of (127.77±59.08and 174.12±61.25 μM) respectively, and show an increase in MDA level (131.45±119.61 and44.13±13.07 nmol/ml) respectively, while no significant difference in GRD level(24.00±17.69 and 16.02± 9.66 U/mL) respectively. Also there is an increase in LH and FSHhormones level (5.26±2.92, 5.81±5.46 mIU/ml), in ASZ as compared to control (2.29±1.15,1.970±1.547 IU/ml) respectively, and no significance difference in the testosterone level(5.60±1.92 and 4.35±1.65 ng/mL).
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65685_4d678062305aaeb6c5493964b1c1a3e7.pdf
2017-07-01
497
504
10.24271/garmian.159
Ayda
Palani
ayad.palani@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian. Iraq
AUTHOR
1. Bansal, A. K. and Bilaspuri, G. S. Impacts of oxidative stress and antioxidants on semen functions. Veterinary medicine international, (2010), 2011:1-7.
1
2. Zelen, I., Mitrović, M., Jurišić-Škevin, A., & Arsenijević, S. Activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and content of malondialdehyde in seminal plasma of infertile patients. Medicinski pregled, 2010 , 63 (9-10): 624-629.
2
3. Fabrizio,A. Buonocore,D. Rucci,S. Stesina,G. Stefanini,L. Bonuccelli, A.Tencone, F. and Marzatico, F. Oxidative stress vs hormonal profile in plasma and saliva: application in sport performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2011, 8(1): 34.
3
4. Mancini, A. Erika, L. Roberto, F. Giuseppe ,G. Andrea, S. Laura, M. Alfredo, P. Giulio, M. Paolo, L. and Elisabetta M. Effects of testosterone on antioxidant systems in male secondary hypogonadism. Journal of andrology . 2008, 29(6): 622-629.
4
5. J. C. Mayoa, R.M. Sainza,b, I. Antolína, F. Herreraa,V. Martin a and C. Rodrigueza. Melatonin regulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2002,59:1706–1713.
5
6. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th Ed. WHO.2010.
6
7. Chari, M. G., and Colagar A.H. Seminal plasma lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and cigarette smoking in asthenoteratospermic men. Journal of Men`s Health 2011, 8(1) : 43-49.
7
8. Lakpour N., MahfouzR., Akhondi M., Agarwal A., Kharrazi H., Zeraati H., Amirjannati N., and Sadeghi M. Relationship of seminal plasma antioxidants and serum male hormones with sperm chromatin status in male factor infertility. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2012, 58(5):236-244.
8
9. Shiva, M., Gautam, A. K., Verma, Y., Shivgotra, V., Doshi, H., & Kumar, S. Association between sperm quality, oxidative stress, and seminal antioxidant activity. Clinical biochemistry, 2011, 44(4):319-324.
9
10. Tarish, A. The Correlation Between Glutathione and Malondialdehyd in Spermatozoa of Patients with Asthenozoospermia. Kufa Medical Journal, 2009; 12: 24.
10
11. Shete, Sh. A., Hulke, S. M., Thakare, A., Prashant Patil, K. Antioxidant level in the Seminal Plasma of Human subjects with different Fertility Potential. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical, 2012, 3(2):653.
11
12. Zedan H., Abdulatif H., Jabber I . study of some hormanal change related to some physiologycal changens in the semen of infertile men. Karbala Univ.iversity sceintific Journal, 2010; 8:153.
12
13. El-Taieb, M., Herwig, R., Nada, E., Greilberger, J. and Marberger, M. Oxidative stress and epididymal sperm transport, motility and morphological defects. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2009, 144: S199-S203.
13
14. Bilińska, B., Wiszniewska, B., Kosiniak-Kamysz, K., Kotula-Balak, M., Gancarczyk, M., Hejmej, A. and et al. Hormonal status of male reproductive system: androgens and estrogens in the testis and epididymis. In vivo and in vitro approaches. Reproductive biology, 2006, 6(1):43-58.
14
15. Mancini, A., Festa, R., Silvestrini, A., Nicolotti, N., Donna, V., Torre, G. and Meucci, E. Hormonal regulation of total antioxidant capacity in seminal plasma. Journal of andrology, 2009, 30(5): 534-540.
15
16. Pasqualotto FF, Sobreiro BP, Hallak J, Pasqualotto EB, Lucon AM. Sperm concentration and normal sperm morphology decrease and follicle-stimulating hormone level increases with age. British journal of Urology International .2005, 96(7):1087-1091.
16
17. Jimoh A., Olawuyi T., Omotoso G., Oyewopo A. and Dare J. Semen Parameters and Hormone Profile of Men Investigated for Infertility at Midland Fertility Centre. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012, 8:110-113.
17
18. Atig, F., Raffa, M., Habib, B. A., Kerkeni, A., Saad, A. and Ajina, M. Impact of seminal trace element and glutathione levels on semen quality of Tunisian infertile men. BMC urology, 2012, 12(1): 6.
18
19. Agarwal, A. and Allamaneni, S. Oxidants and antioxidants in human fertility. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 2004, 9:187-193.
19
20. Blondin, P., Coenen, K. and Sirard, M. A. The impact of reactive oxygen species on bovine sperm fertilizing ability and oocyte maturation. Journal of andrology, 1997, 18(4): 454-460.
20
21. Sanocka, D. and Kurpisz, M. Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2004, 2(12): 1-7.
21
22. Barratt, C. L., Mansell, S., Beaton, C., Tardif, S. and Oxenham, S. K. Diagnostic tools in male infertility—the question of sperm dysfunction. Asian journal of andrology, 2010, 13(1): 53
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Some New Pyrazolines via One-Pot Three Component Technique and Their Corresponding Thiazole Compounds
In the present study; a one-pot three component reaction between4(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)acetophenone , thiosemicarbazide and different substituted benzaldehydes in absolute ethanolunder reflux with stirring has been used to give a new series of pyrazoline derivatives {3-(4-[4'-chlorobenzyloxy)phenyl)-5-(substituted-phenyl]-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide}in highyields and short reaction times. . The later compounds were converted to their correspondingthiazole derivatives through reacting with 4-bromophenacyl bromide in ethanol. , The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were identified on the bases of their FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135 spectra.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65686_6385eeed66af5392ab816f059f7b1a46.pdf
2017-07-01
505
518
10.24271/garmian.160
One-pot synthesis
acetophenone. Benzylation
Pyrazoline
Thiazole
Rezan
Hama Salih
rezan.huseen@yahoo.com
1
*Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Garmian-Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farouq
Hawaiz
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Salahaddin-Hawler, Erbil,Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of some biochemical changes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in kalar province
The purpose of the study was to observe the fasting blood glucose and lipid profile (TG andCholesterol). The study included 35 diabetic cases and ages ranging from (36-66) years. Thefamily history of each individual was recorded in a questionnaire form. In addition, the studyincluded 15 non-diabetic healthy persons as control group. The cases and control group weregrouped according to the age and sex. Blood samples were collected from both groups and serawere separated and used for the determination of TG, Cholesterol and fasting blood glucose wereestimated manually by the use of Spectrophotometer. In the current study, the age groups (46-55)and (56-66) included the highest number of diabetic people, which represented 37.14 % and34.29% of the total 35 cases. However, the age group (36-45) included the lowest number of thediabetic people, which represents 26.57 % of the total diabetic cases. Furthermore, 71.43% ofdiabetic were married, concerning smoking, 74.29% of among the studied cases were smokers.The results of the biochemical analysis showed a significantly high level of fasting serumglucose, in diabetic cases of both sexes at both studied age groups, The results of the biochemicalanalysis showed a significantly of high level of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)diabetic cases of both sex.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65687_844c813bbfe535db72c740a17b03ad84.pdf
2017-07-01
519
529
10.24271/garmian.161
lipid profile
TG
Cholesterol
diabetic
Seerwan
Raheem
1
*Assistant Lecturer, Bio Dept, college of education, Garmian University, Kalar, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Abou-Seif, M. A., and Youssef, A. A. (2004) "Evaluation of some biochemical changes in diabetic patients". Clinica Chimica Acta, 346(2), 161-170.
1
Adam, P. (1997) "Evaluation and management of diabetes insipidus", American family physician, 55(6): 2146-2153.
2
American Diabetes Association (2008): "Total Prevalence of Diabetes and Pre-diabetes". url =http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/prevalence.
3
American Diabetes Association,(2011 ) "Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus ", diabetic care, 34 (suppl. 1): S63-S65.
4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2005): diabetes. National Diabetes Fact Sheet, general information. CDC Division of Diabetes Translation Public Inquiries/Publications, US.
5
Choi . B. C. and K. F. Shi (2001) " Risk factors for diabetes mellitus by age and sex: results of the National Population Health Survey" Diabetologia 44: 1221±1231
6
Cohen P., (2006)" The 20th century struggle to decipher insulin signaling". Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol; 7: 867-873.
7
Etuk, E.U. (2010) "Animals models for studying diabetes mellitus", Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1(2): 130-134.
8
Gerberding J L., (2007) "Diabetes, Atlanta Centres for Disease Control".
9
Haffner, S.M. (1998) "Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes". Diabetes Care, 21: 160-78.
10
Harris, M.I, (1995) "Diabetes in America. In: National Diabe- tes Data Group. 2nd edn NIH Publication No. 95±1468, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, pp 1±13.
11
Health Canada (1999)" Diabetes in Canada: National statis- tics and opportunities for
12
improved surveillance, preven- tion, and control. Catalogue No. H49±121/1999.
13
Ottawa: Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Bureau of Cardio- Respiratory Diseases and Diabetes
14
Inzucchi SE., and Sherwin RS., (2007)"The Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 34 (2205) 199-219.
15
Kes P. (2001) "Lipid abnormalities in CRF, nephrotic syndrome and dialysis". Acta Med Crotica; 55 (4-5): 177-186
16
Olefsky J.M.,(2001)" Prospects for Research in diabetes mellitus". The Journal of American Medical Association, 285(5): 628-632.
17
Paterson, J, Pettegrew A, Dominiczak MH, and Small M.(1991)"Screening for hyperlipidaemia in diabetes mellitus. Relation to glycemic control. Ann Clin Biochem;28:254– 8.
18
Ramchandra, K., P, Ashok V Shinde, Sangita and M Patil (2012)"Lipid profile, serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase in chronic kidney diseases and Type 2 diabetes mellitus" Biomedical Research 2012; 23 (2): 207-210
19
Samatha, P., Venkateswarlu, M., and Siva Prabodh, V. (2012). "Lipid profile levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus from the tribal population of Adilaba in Andhra Pradesh, India". Journal of clinical and Diagnostic Research , 6(4), 590-592.
20
Vassort, G., and B.Turan, (2010) "Protective role of antioxidants in diabetic induced cardiac dysfunction ", Cardiovascular Toxicology 10 (2): 73-86.
21
West, K.M, (1978)" Epidemiology of diabetes and its vascular lesions" Elsevier Biomedical Press, New York
22
World Health Organization,WHO., (2003): Non communicable disease prevention and health promotion: Facts related to chronic disease; Fact sheet – diabetes, Geneva, Switzerland
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Alterations in Levels of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Some Serum Interleukins and Hormones in Infertile Women
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress and someserum interleukins and hormones levels of women with primary infertility, and toreveal the correlation between them.A total of 120 infertile women with different etiologies and 45 fertile women as acontrol were investigated, their age ranged between (16-45) years old. The levels of serum TAC, SOD activity, GSH, MDA, Mg, Zn, catalase activity, interleukin-1β and interleukin- 8 were estimated, also the levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, progesterone, AMH, inhibin B and leptin were estimated.The current results were revealed that there was a significant elevation in thelevels of MDA, interleukin- 1β, prolactin and leptin, and a significant decrease inTAC, SOD, GSH, Mg, Zn, catalase activity, AMH and inhibin B between theinfertile and fertile groups. There was a positive correlation between SOD withAMH, inhibin B and Mg, and positive correlation between LH and FSH, TAC andinhibin B. there was a negative correlation between FSH and inhibinB. In conclusion, it suggested that inhibin B may play a role in theantioxidant–oxidant balance.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65688_10dc2cddd94f36fb272f3501c44ab177.pdf
2017-07-01
530
545
10.24271/garmian.162
Infertility
antioxidants
interleukin
Antimularian hormone
leptin
Sundus
Hamza
1
1Biology Department, Garmian University, Kalar, KRG/ Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sahib
Abd-alrahman
2
Biology Department, Karkuk University, Karkuk , Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicity Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Mentha arvensis and Nerium oleander on Larva of Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
The ethanolic extract of two plants Mentha arvensis (Lamiaceae) and Neriumoleander (Apocynaceae) were tested for direct toxicity action on last phase larvaeof Ectomeylois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae),one of the most serious pests onpomegranates and other trees. Three sets of Concentration 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%were tested. Percent mortality was recorded at intervals of time for each plantextract. Data analysis was made by using Complete Randomized Design (CRD).The results showed that mortality effect varies according to extract type,concentration and time period .The time 12 h showed higher insecticidal effect withthe tested plants, Strong toxicity effect was observed at concentration 7.5 %. TheLT50 values were 1.10, 1.05 and 0.30 for Mentha arvensis and 1.75, 1.48 and 0.90for Nerium oleander.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65689_cba53d948d3b463d2dabbb4f62d558f7.pdf
2017-07-01
546
554
10.24271/garmian.163
Mentha arvensis
Nerium oleander
Ectomeylois ceratoniae
insecticides
Rawezh
Hakeem
rawezhhakim@gmail.com
1
Department of Biology, Harran University, Graduate school of natural and applied science, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Redwan
Kawa
redwan_kawa@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biology, Salahaddin University, Irbil, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hana
Hashim
hana.mohammad@su.edu.krdm
3
Assistant Lecturer, Department of Biology, Salahaddin University, Irbil, Iraq ,
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An ecological and morphological study on ( Asplenium scolopendrium) Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) .Newman within Howler (Erbil) City - Kurdistan of Iraq
The present investigation deals with morphological and ecological study of the fern Phyllitisscolopendrium the haerts –toungue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium) (Scolopendriumvulgare) within Malakan area in Erbil province ( Kurdistan of Iraq) during years 2014-2015-2016. Some environmental parameters (soil PH, soil texture, cat ions and anions) wereconsidered. Also Ferns morphology, habitat, sporophyte, sori and spores were described.Different measurement of various part of plant was performed. This study may be the firstattempt to such detailed study on Phyllitis and even ferns in Kurdistan and Iraq as whole.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65690_a402623f65436eea054447b79ccafb42.pdf
2017-07-01
555
562
10.24271/garmian.164
Aspleniaceae
Ferns
phyllitis
Heart's-tongue
Abbas
Ismail
1
*Baghdad Univ. College of science for women
LEAD_AUTHOR
Baram
Maulood
2
Sallahaldin Univ. College of science
LEAD_AUTHOR
Talib
AL- Khasraji
3
Tikrit Univ. College of Education for pure science
AUTHOR
AL- Maqdamy, B.A.(2008). Anatomical and cytological study on the fern Salvinia natans . Msc thesis Univ, of Baghdad. College of Ibn-ALhaithum pp:120.(in Arabic)
1
AL- Nima, B.A.(2003). Astudy on some bryophytes frome different regions in north of Iraq. phD. Thesis College of science Mausl univ, pp: 187.
2
AL-Mayah, AA,. Al-Saddi, AS, and Abdullah, NS.(2016). A new generic recorde (Azollz , Salviniaceae ) to the aquatic pteridoflora of Iraq . Int. J .Appl. Rese. Vol. 16 : 21-23.
3
AL-Rawi, A, (1988). Poisnous plant of Iraq . Ministry of Agriculture . Iraq. Baghdad.
4
AL-Rawi, A. (1988). Wild plants of Iraq with their distribution . Ministry of Agriculture . Iraq. Pp:232.
5
American Public Haelth Asossciation (APHA). (2005). Standerd methods for water and wast water analysis . 20th Ed. Pp:724.
6
Benniamin A .(2011). Medicinal ferns of North Eastern India with spcial reference to Aranachal Pradesh. Indian J of traditional knowledge . vol. 10(3) : 516-522.
7
Chakravarty, HL. (1976). Plant welth of Iraq .Vol.1. Ministry of Agriculturare . Iraq. Pp: 505.
8
Charly, Lowe, and Michel ,Bumflic,.(2002). Ferns of England (natural history of ferns ) vol, 6(3) :4-8.
9
Aziz, F H. (2017). Survey of pterigophytes from Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan region . Mezopo. Envir. J. Vol. 3(2) : 40-68.
10
FT,Parsone. (1961). How to Know the ferns. Dover publ.Inc. New York .2nd Ed. Pp:
11
Futyma, RP. (1980). The distribution and ecology of Phyllitis scolopendrium in Michigan . American Fern J .70 (3): 81-87.
12
G Sathiyaraj, T Muthkumar, and K C Ravindaran.(2015). Ethnomedicinal importance of ferns and fern allies traditionally used by tribal people of palani hills , Westren Ghts , South India. Journal of medicinal herbs and ethnomedicin . 1(1): 4-9.
13
Goerg , ER, and Jhon, R. (2013). Methods for soil,plants, and water analysis : Amnual fore West Asia and North African regions .3rd Ed . pp:244.
14
Guest, E. and AL-Rawi, A. (1966). Flora of Iraq. Introduction to Iraqi flora. Vol. 1 . Ministry of Agriculture . Iraq. Pp:
15
Ibraheem,I,Y,(1989). Anatomical, cytological,comparative study on Marsilia copensis . Msc thesis Univ. of Baghdad. Colleg of education for pure science pp: 120 (in Arabic ).
16
Marsh, AF,. Amone, GA, and Borman, BT. (2000). The role of Equisetum in recycling in Alaskan shrub wetland . Journal of ecology . 88. PP:999-1011.
17
Maulood, BK,. AL-Khasraji, TO, and Ismail , AM. (2016). A study on pteridoflora of Kurdistan of Iraq : A morphological study and distribution of Equisetum L. (Horse tail) in Iraqi Kurdistan . Int. J of Emerging Technologies in Computinonal and Applied Science . 18(1): 78-84.
18
Maulood,B. K,. Sulaiman, N. I,.and AL-Bassam ,I.T.(1990). Algae and Archegoniats . Univ. of Baghdad,colleg of education Ibn-al haithum pp: 589
19
Michel, JT. (2003). Ferns of American garden . Timber press.
20
R, Grounds .(1974). Ferns . pelhambook. pp:327.
21
R, Grounds. (1982) . Ferns. Kambridge press .pp:422.
22
Salih, AS . (2014). Buldding the flora of Kurdistan region of Iraq . M.Sc thesis Univ.of Reading U. K.
23
Smith, AR,. Kathlen, MP,. Erie, S,. Pera, K, and Paul,GW. (2006). A classification for extant ferns . Journal of Taxon 55(3): 705-731.
24
Smith, GM. (1955). Cryptogamic Botany. Vol. 2. McGraw Hill publication New York.
25
Townsend , CC and Guest, E.(1966). Flora of Iraq . Vol. 2 .Ministry of Agriculture Baghdad. pp:184
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and identification of some uncommon bacterial species isolated from different clinical sample
There are many opportunistic bacterial species that are uncommon and infrequently exist inclinical specimen, most of them are difficult to routine identification, even some of them arepoorly documented in clinical specimen. also had no less role in the coordinates of the diseasethan common bacterial species. Six hundred and fifty samples were collected from patientsattending to some hospitals in Sulaimanya City and Kalar General Hospital during the periodfrom October 2015 to November 2016.Samples were firstly cultured on different media in order to isolate and identify bacterialisolates according to cultural characteristics, morphological features and biochemical reactions inaddition to Vitek 2 system for identifying uncommon and infrequent isolates. The identificationand susceptibility test were performed in Kalar General Hospital. Isolated 286(44%) bacterialstrains from different clinical samples, 125 of them were identified by Vitek 2 automatedsystem, while 23(8%) of isolates were considered as uncommon bacterial species.The antimicrobial susceptibility of uncommon isolates, showed significant variation againsttwenty four antibiotics. Four isolates; Acinatobacter baumanii, Acinatobacter calcoaceticus,Enterobacter ludwigii and Gemella sanguinis were resistant to all antibiotics. WhereasAerococcus urinae, (Citrobacter freundii and Alloiococcus otitis), (Morganella morganii,Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pantoea agglomerans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Kocuria rosean.2), ( Ochrobactrum anthropi n.1 and Kocura kristinae), (Ochrobactrum anthropi n.2 andKocuria rosea n.1 ), (Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Citrobacter koseri ),(Aeromonas salmonicida and Micrococcus luteus n.1) and Micrococcus luteus (n.2) resistant tothe antibiotics as these percentages 95.8%, 91.6%, 87.5%, 83.3%, 79.1%, 70.8%, 66.6% and62.5%, respectively.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65691_59ee2e33f88adbb490b95ecbd5dd6ddb.pdf
2017-07-01
563
580
10.24271/garmian.165
Rahman
Faraj
1
1Kalar general hospital
LEAD_AUTHOR
Muhamed
Maarof
2
2College of education for pure science-Tikrit university
AUTHOR
Abas Y.A., Khudaier and Salih Y.A. 2014. Detection of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas spp. in Clinical Cases and Hospital Environments at Thi-Qar Province. Journal of College of Education for Pure Sciences Vol. 4
1
Abdulla H. 2014. Neonatal enteral feeding tube as loci for Enterobacteriaceae colonisation and risk to neonatal health. A thesis of Doctor of Philosophy /Nottingham Trent University.
2
Al-Hissnawy D.S., AL-Thahab A.A. and Al-Jubori S.A. 2010. Evaluation of Citrobacter freundii isolated in Najaf governorate as an enterotoxin producer. College of Dentistry/Kufa University.
3
Auda J. Gh. and Al-Grawi I. Gh. 2009. Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Uropathogenic Morganella Morganii Al- Kindy Col Med J; Vol .5 (1) P:32-35.
4
Ausubel F.M., Brent R., Kingston R.E., Moore D.D., Smith J.A., Seidman J.D. and Struhl K. 1987. Curren Protocol in Molecular Biology. Jhon Wiley and Sons. Inc, NewYork.
5
Austin B., Austin D. A. 1987. Bacterial fish pathogens: Disease in farmed and wld fish. EUis Honvood Limited, Chichester, p. 11 1-195.
6
Bhatia R., Tomar J. 2016. Sphingomonas paucimobilis - an emerging pathogen. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 3(3):1123-1125.
7
Bodey G. P., Elting L., Kassamali H. and Lim B. 1986. Escherichia coli bacteremia in cancer patients. Am. J. Med. 81(Suppl. 1A):85–95.
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Bodey G. P., Elting L., Rodriguez S. and Hernandez M. 1989. Klebsiella bacteremia: a 10-year review in a cancer institution. Cancer 64:170–178.
9
Bodey G. P., and Jadeja J. 1985. Pseudomonas bacteremia: retrospective analysis of 410 episodes. Arch. Intern. Med. 145:1621–1629.
10
Chen H., Chi H. Chiu N. and Huang F. 2015. Kocuria kristinae: A true pathogen in pediatric patients. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 48, 80e84. Polish.
11
Christensen J. J., and Gutschik E. 1991. Urosepticemia and fatal endocarditis caused by Aerococcus-like organisms. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 23:717–721.
12
Christensen J.J., Jensen I.P., Faerk J., Kristensen B., Skov R., Korner B. 1995. Bacteremia/septicemia due to Aerococcus-like organisms: report of seventeen cases. Danish ALO Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 943–947.
13
Faden H., and Dryja D. 1989. Recovery of a unique bacterial organism in human middle ear fluid and its possible role in chronic otitis media. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:2488-2491.
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Folland D., Armstrong D, and Seides S. 1974. Pneumococcal bacteremia in patients with neoplastic disease. Cancer 33:845–849.
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Forbes B.A., Sahm D.F. and Weissfeld A.S. (2007). Bailey & Scott`s Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th ed. Mosby, Inc., an Affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
16
Frank D.N., Spiegelman G.B., Davis W., Wagner E., Lyons E. and Pace N.R. 2003. Culture-independent molecular analysis of microbial constituents of the healthy human outer ear. J Clin Microbiol 41:295–303.
17
Friedman S., Reif S., Assia A., Levy I. 2015. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of non-E coli urinary tract infections. http://adc.bmj.com/ Published by group.bmj.com.
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Gajaylife B. D. 1984. Serotyping of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. J Clin Pathol 37:1388-1391.
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Gates M.L., Sanders C.C., Goering R.V., Sanders W.E. 1986. Evidence of multiple forms of type I chromosomal beta-lactamase in Pseudornonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 30: 453- 457.3
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Gomez-Hernando C., Toro C., Gutierrez M., Enriquez A., and M. Baquero. 1999. Isolation of Alloiococcus otitidis from the external ear in children. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:69–70.
21
Gayral J. P., Robinson R., and Sandstedt D. 1997. A new integrated system for microbiological testing: the Vitek II system, abstr. P254. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 3(Suppl. 2):53.
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Guttman D. S., Morgan, R. L. and Wang, P. W. 2008. The evolution of the Pseudomonads, In: M. Fatmi, A. Collmer, N. S. Iacobellis, J. W. Mansfield, J. Murillo, N. W. Schaad, and M. Ullrich (eds) Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens, 307–20, Springer, Netherlands.
23
Helio S.,Sadera b., Ronald N and Jonesa c. 2005. Review; Antimicrobial susceptibility of uncommonly isolated non-enteric Gram negative bacilli. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 25, 95–109.
24
Hendolin P. H., Markkanen A., Ylikoski J., and Wahlfors J. J. 1997. Use ofmultiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of four bacterial species in middleear effusions. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:2854–2858.
25
Hoffmann H., Stindl S., Stumpf. A., Mehlen A., Monget D., Heesemann J., et al. 2005. Deion of Enterobacter ludwigii sp. Nov., a novel Enterobacter species of clinical relevance. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 28, 206–212.
26
Jossart, M. F., and Courcol R.J. 1999. Evaluation of an automated system for identification of Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting bacilli. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:902–907.
27
Kalcioglu M. T., Oncel S., Durmaz R., Otlu B., Miman M.C., and Ozturan O. 2002. Bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion; focusing on the high positivity of Alloiococcus otitidis. New Microbiol. 25:31–35.
28
Kaplan J. B., Anita P. J. and Nichols B. P. 1984. Nucleotide Sequence of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus trpGDC Gene Cluster. WALTER M. FITCH, reviewing editor.
29
Kilic A., Senses Z., Kurekci A.E., Aydogan H., Sener K., Kismet E., et al. 2007. Nosocomial outbreak of Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia in a hemato/oncology unit. Jpn J Infect Dis 60:394–6.
30
Kiser K.M., Payne W.C. and Taff T.A. 2011. Clinical Laboratory Microbiology A Practical Approach. Pearson education, Inc., New Jersey.
31
Lakshmikantha M., Devki V. and Yogesh C. 2015. Is Kocuria kristinae an upcoming pathogen?. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 4(4): 885-889.
32
Lapagel S.P.,. 1968. Hill R. Reeve J. Pseudomonas stutzeri i n pathological material. J. MlD. Microbi0l.-vol. 1
33
Leskinen K., Hendolin P., Virolainen-Julkunen A., Ylikoski J. and Jero J. 2002. The clinical role of Alloiococcus otitidis in otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolyngol 66:41–8.
34
Levinson W. 2010. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill companies. New York.
35
Ma M., Bhalla L. S., Shete V., Grover C.N. 2015. Gemella sanguinis: A rare cause of native valve endocarditis in a child. Medical Journal med forces India a. 628; No. of Pages 3.
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Pal R.B., Kale V.V. 1981. Acinatobacter calcoaceticus an oportunistic pathogenic. Vol. 27 Issue : 4 : 218-21.
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Peces R., Gago E., Tejada F., Laures A.S. and Alvarez-Grande J. 1997. Relapsing bacteraemia due to Micrococcus luteus in a haemodialysis patient with Perm-Cath catheter. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12:2428-2429.
38
Raoof W.M., Ali K.O. and Mohammed S.A. 2013. Study The Resistance of some Bacteria at the Most Commonoly Isolated from Tikrit Teaching Hospital Infections to Antibiotics and their Relation with Plasmids.Tikrit university/Iraq.
39
Rit k., Nag F., Raj H.J. and Maity P.K. 2013. Prevalence and Susceptibility Profiles of Nonfermentative Gram-negative Bacilli Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 24, No. 5.
40
Robert C. N. and Overman S.B. 1994. Pseudomonas stutzeri Infection A Review of Hospital Isolates and a Review of the Literature. DIAGN MICROBIOL INFECT DIS 51;19:51-56.
41
Shahid M. 2010. Citrobacter spp. Simultaneously Harboring blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaampC, and Insertion Sequences IS26 and orf513: an Evolutionary Phenomenon of Recent Concern for Antibiotic Resistance. Journal of clinical microbiology, p. 1833–1838 Vol. 48, No 5.
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Shrooq R.K., Kifah A.J. and Mayssaa, E.A. 2014. The antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin from pseudomonas fluorescens against pathogenic bacteria . Basrah Journal of Science (B) Vol. 32(2) , 206-213
43
Sierra-Hoffman M, Watkins K, Jinadatha C, Fader R, Carpenter JL. Clinical significance of Aerococcus urinae: a retrospective review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 53: 289–292.
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Sih, T., B. Schwartz, G. Bosley, and R. Facklam. 1992. Chronic otitis media effusion caused by Alloiococcus otitis: clinical and laboratory features, abstr. 671, p. 222. In Program and abstracts of the 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
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Stanier R. Y., Palleroni N.J. and Doudoroff M. 1966. The aerobic Pseudomonas: a taxonomic study. J. Gen. Microbiol. 43:159.
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Szczerba I. 2003. Susceptibility to antibiotics of bacteria from genera Micrococcus, Kocuria, Nesternkonia, Kytococcus and Dermacoccus. Med Dosw Mikrobiol. 55:75-80.
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Tewari R., Dudeja M., Das A.K. and Nandy S. 2013. Kucuriae kristinae in catheter asociated urinary tract infection: a case report. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Vol-7(8): 1692-1693.
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Theodore J. C., Drabick C. J., Fisher G.W. and Robb M. L.1992. Catheter-Associated Sepsis Caused by Ochrobactrum anthropi: Report of a Caseand Review of Related Nonfermentative Bacteria. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of Manitoba
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Vandepitte J., Verhaegen J., Engbaek K., Rohner P., Piot P. and Heuck C.C. 2003. Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology. WHO. Geneva.
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Weinstein M.P., Towns M.L., Quartey S.M., et al. 1997. The clinical significance of positive blood culture in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:584-602.
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Young M., Artsatbanov V., Beller H.R. et al. 2010. Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus, a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium. Journal of bacteriology, p. 841–860
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Anti–Gliadin (IgA & IgG), Thyroid Stimulating Hormon and Growth Hormon Level in Celiac Disease Patients in Erbil City – IRAQ
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune human leukocyte antigen HLA–linked enteropathy that develop upon ingestion of gluten containing diet, withdiarrhea, malabsorption and weight loss as a major presentation.The disease is closely linked to a number of extra intestinal disorderespecially endocrine diseases. This study aimed to assess level of thyroidstimulation hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) level in patients with newlydiagnosed (ND) CD and on gluten free diet (GFD)A total of 26/50 newly diagnosed celiac disease patients and 20 on GFDdiagnosed clinically and confirmed serologically using anti-gliadin IgA and IgG(IgA for diagnosis newly diagnosed and IgG for diagnosis of patients on GFD)were subjected to TSH and GH level assessment.The anti-gliadin IgA and IgG were positive in 82% with celiac patients and80% on GFD patients. Among children , 82.14% of newly diagnosed and 85.71%on GFD were IgA and IgG anti-gliadin seropositive, while in adults, 81.82% and76.92 % of newly diagnosed and on GFD were IgA and IgG anti-gliadinseropositive respectively. The results revealed elevated TSH level in sera of 80.77% and 30% of CDand on GFD patients respectively; meanwhile GH level was low in 73.07% and10% of CD and GFD patients respectively. The frequency CD patients revealedTSH elevation and low GH in the same patient was 69.23 % and 10% in CD and onGFD patients respectively.As a result, the present study delineated simultaneous occurrence and linkagebetween CD disease and subclinical hypothyroidism. Beside assessment of GHlevel in CD patients is necessary as marker for disorder of pituitary gland, possiblyof autoimmune origin.In newly diagnosed and patients on GFD patients, no significant correlation existsbetween anti-gliadin antibodies, TSH & GH level. Meanwhile significantcorrelation was found between TSH & GH in ND (r= - 0.568, P=0.002) & GFD (r=- 0.702, P= 0.001).
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65692_5852a4e40b3a0f1be47036222e4eb49a.pdf
2017-07-01
581
592
10.24271/garmian.166
celiac disease
anti-gliadin
thyroid stimulation hormone
growth hormone
Zaid
Elia
1
* Assistant Lecturer, Medical laboratory Department , Technical Health College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil , Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Hussain
2
Assistant prof. , Microbiology Department , Hawler Medical University , Erbil , Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nisreen
Mustafa
3
Lecturer, Biology Department , Science College , Misan University, Misan, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Alaedini, A. & Green, PH. (2005). Narrative review: celiac disease: understanding a complex autoimmune disorder. Ann Intern Med.142: 289-98.
1
Bassett, JHD. ; Swinhoe, R. ; Chassande, O. ; Samarut, J. & Williams, GR.(2006). Thyroid Hormone Regulates Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Expression in the Growth Plate. Endocrinology. 147:295-305.
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Butt, T. ; Mumtaz, A. ; Qasim, A. et al.,(2011). Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction In Children With Celiac disease. Biomedica. 27 :123-127 .
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Collins, D. ; Wilox, R. ; Nathan, M. & Zubarik, R. (2012). Celiac disease and Hypothyroidism. Am J Med. 125(3):278-282.
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Elfström, V. ; Montgomery, SM. Kämpe, O. et al.(2008). Risk of Thyroid Disease in Individuals with Celiac Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 93: 3915-21.
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Fanciulli, G. & Delitala, G. (2001). Gluten-free diet normalizes GH secretion in a girl with celiac disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 24:644-5.
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Freeman HJ. (2016,a) Endocrine manifestations of celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol . 22(38):8472-8479.
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Freeman, H. (2016,b). Autoimmune Thyroid Disease with Hypothyroidism in Adult Celiac Disease. Internal journal of celiac disease. 4:121-123.
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Guidetti, CD. ; Volta,U. ; Ciacci, C. et al. (2001).Prevalence of thyroid disorders in untreated adult celiac diseasepatients and effect of gluten withdrawal: an Italian multicenter study. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 96: 751-7.
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Hadithi M. ; de Boer H. ; Meijer, JW. et al., (2007). Coeliac disease in Dutch patients with Hashimoto`s thyroiditis and vice versa. World J Gastroenterol. 13:1715-1722.
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Hakanan, M. ; Luotola, K.; Salmi, J. et al. (2001). Clinical and Subclinical Authimmune Thyroid Disease in Adult Celiac Disease. Dig Dis Sci. 46: 2631-5.
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Kagnoff, MF. (2005). Overview and pathogenesis of celiac disease. Gastroenterology 128: 10-18.
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Meloni, A. ; Mandas, C. ; Jores, RD. et al. (2009). Prevalance of autoimmune thyroiditis in children with celiac disease and effect of gluten withdrawal. Journal of Pediatrics. 155: 1: 51-5.
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Metso, S. ; Hyytia-Ilmonen, H. ; Kaukinen, K. et al., (2012). Gluten-free diet and autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with celiac disease. A prospective control study. Sc and J Gastroenterol. 47: 43-48.
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Reif, S. & Lerner, A. (2004). Tissue transglutaminase-the key player in celiac disease: a review. Autoimmune.3:40-5.
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Sategna-Guidetti, C. ; Volta, U. ; Ciacci, C. et al., (2001). Prevalence of thyroid disorders in untreated adult celiac disease patients and effect of gluten withdrawal: an Italian multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 96: 751-757.
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Smyczynska, J. ; Hilczer, M. ; Stawerska, R. & Lewinski, A. (2010). Thyroid function in children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency during the initial phase of GH replacement therapy – clinical implications. Thyroid research.3:1-11.
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Thomas, JV. ; Mezzasalma, DFC. ; Teixeira, AM. et al. (2006). Growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism and ring chromosome 18: case report. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 50(5):951-6.
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26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study self-transmissibility of Salmonella Typhimurium plasmids virulence isolated from fresh chicken foods by conjugation
The aim of the present investigation was experimentally the ability of the virulenceplasmid of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from fresh chicken foods in al- Najaf Al-ashrafgovernorate to transfer between different isolates which might be the cause of variant diseasesin order to find new data about this objective that may help in study the control of infectionsin humans.S. typhimurium Lst1, Mst3 and Gst1 isolates ability to transfer t0 the transconjugant thenPCR results confirmed the frequency of spvA, pefA, rck and traT genes in E.colitransconjugant (TLst1) were (12%), (30%), (8%) and (26%) respectively where in (TMst1)transconjugant were(14%),(30%), (6%) and(28%) respectively, similar results appeared in(TGst1) transconjugant that were (6%),(17%), (4%)and (18%) respectively therefore presentstudy revealed according to conjugation experiments results that the virulence plasmid of S.typhimurium Lst1, Mst3 and Gst1 isolates were transmissible and perhaps lead to rapidincrease in virulence isolates among different bacterial species in Najaf governorate.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65693_9f63780869f662e182a1573b1d34f774.pdf
2017-07-01
593
605
10.24271/garmian.167
Sanaa
Jabur
1
sciences Col
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aliaa
Hafz
2
Dhi-Kar Univ.
AUTHOR
Amini, K.; Taghi, Z. S.; Gholamreza, N. R. R.; Javid, A. and Shahrnaz, B.A.(2010). Molecular detection of invA and spv virulence genes in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from human and animals in Iran. Afri. J. Microb. Res. , 4(21):2202-2210.
1
Brian, M. M. A.; Mimi, T.; and Fred, H.(1999). The Virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium is self-transmissible. J. Bacteriol. , 181(4): 1364-1368.
2
Cerro, A.; Soto, S.M. and Mendoza, M.C. (2003). Virulence and antimicrobial-resistance gene Profiles determined by PCR-Based Procedures for Salmonella isolated from samples of animal origin. Food Microbiol. , 20: 431-436.
3
Chishih, C.; Ye, F.; An-Chi, C.; Songnian, H.; Chi-Hong, C. and Cheng-Hsun, C.(2008). Evolution of genes on the Salmonella Virulence plasmid phylogeny revealed from sequencing of the virulence plasmids of S. enterica serotype Dublin and comparative analysis. Genomics, 92: 339–343.
4
Denisse, B.; Anilei, H.; Alba, S.; Camila, V.; Catalina, S.; Sergio, A. Á; Antonio, M.; Miguel, A. V. and Inés, C. (2011). Different sugar residues of the lipopolysaccharide outer core are required for early interactions of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Typhimurium with epithelial cells. Microbi. Pathogen. , 50 : 70-80.
5
El-sayed, M. A; Wael, M. T.; Yasser, M. R. and Magdy, A. A.(2012). Plasmid Encoding Antimicrobial Resistance among Environmental Salmonella Species and Molecular Characterization Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis. Wor. J. Medic. Scie., 7(3):163-171.
6
Feasey, N.A.; Dougan, G.; Kingsley, R.A.; Heyderman, R.S. and Gordon, M.A. (2012). Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. Lancet. , 379: 2489–2499.
7
Gayle, C. F.; Jack, A. H. and Martin, A. K.(2002). Gene Transfer between Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium inside Epithelial Cells. J. Bacteriol. , 184 (8): 2235-2242.
8
Graham, S.M. (2010).Nontyphoidal salmonellosis in Africa.Curr.Opin.Infect.Dis.23:409–414. Guerra, B.; Soto, S.; Helmuth, R. and Mendoza, M.C.(2002). Characterization of a self-transferable plasmid from Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium clinical isolates carrying two integron-borne gene cassettes together with virulence and drug resistance genes. Antimicr. Agen. Chemother. 46:2977-2981.
9
Jabur, Sana,a Ghali .(2014). Studying Virulence Plasmids and Endotoxin of Salmonella entrica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated from Chickens in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf. Dissertation Submitted to the Council of College of Science/University of Kufa in Partial Fulfillments of the Requirements for the(PhD) Degree of Philosophy in Microbiology/Molecular Biology
10
Kong, Q.; David, A.; Six, C.; Qing, L.; Lillian, G.; Shifeng, W.; Praveen, A.; Christian, R. H. R.; and Roy, C.(2012). Phosphate Groups of Lipid A Are Essential for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence and Affect Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Infecti. Immuni. 80 (9) : 3215–3224.
11
Magdalena, W.; Mussaret, B. Z.; Edmundo, C.; Marcos, F.-M.; Juan J. C.; Claudia, S. (2009). Association of virulence plasmid and antibiotic resistance determinants with chromosomal multilocus genotypes in Mexican Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains. BMC Microbiolo. 9:131. Mami H. , M. S.; Masakado, M.; Masao, T.; Katsuhiko, S.; Shiro, I.; and Kenji, S. (2005). Cloning of a Novel Gene for Quinolone Resistance from a Transferable Plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. Antimicr. Agen. Chemother. 49(2): 801–803.
12
Meritxell, G.-Q.; Francisco, R.-M. and Josep, C. (2008). Conjugal Transfer of the Salmonella enterica Virulence Plasmid in the Mouse Intestine. Published ahead of print 4 January 2008, doi: 10.1128/ JB.01626-07 J. Bacteriol. 190( 6): 1922-1927.
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Murugkar, H.V.; Rahman, H. and Dutta, P.K. ( 2003). Distribution of virulence genes in Salmonella serovars isolated from man & animals. Indian J. Med. Res. 117: 66-70.
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Parry, C.M. and Threlfall, E.J. (2008). Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal and nontyphoidal salmonellae. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 21: 531–538.
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Razzaque, M.A.; Bedair, M.; Abbas, S.; Al-Mutawa, T.(2009). Economic impact of calf mortality on dairy farms in Kuwait. Pakistan Vet. J, 29(3): 97-101.
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Somkiate, P.; Arinthip, T. and Bhinyo, P.(2007). Conjugation in Escherichia coli. A laboratory exercise biochemistry and molecular biology education. 35. 440-445.
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Tennant, S.M.; Diallo, S.; Levy, H.; Livio, S.; Sow, S.O.; Tapia, M.; Fields, P.I.; Mikoleit, M.; Tamboura, B.; Kotloff, K.L.; Nataro, J.P.; Galen, J.E. and Levine, M.M. (2010). Identification by PCR of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars associated with invasive infections among febrile patients in Mali. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4; e621.
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Tierrez, A. and Garcia, P. F. (2005). New concepts in Salmonella virulence: the importance of reducing the intracellular growth rate in the host. Cell Microbiol., 7: 901-909.
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UL-Hassan, M.; Hussain, M.I.; Shahzadi, B.; Shaheen, M.; Mahmood, M.S.; Rafique, A. and Mahmood-U.-H. M.(2008). Occurrence of some zoonotic microorganisms in faecal matter of house rat (Rattus rattus) and house mouse (Mus musculus) trapped from various structures. Pakistan Vet. J. , 28(4): 171-174.
20
Wondwossen, A.G. ; Siddhartha, T.; Paul .; Daniel, A. T.; Karen, P. and Leslie, W. (2009). Occurrence of spvA Virulence Gene and Clinical Significance for Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47 ( 3): 777-780
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and antimicrobial of Iron nanoparticles biosynthesized from water extract of Mentha pulegium L
Biosynthesis of Iron nanoparticles from Mentha pulegium L by simple method by using waterextract of Mentha pulegium L. The iron nanoparticles characterized by UV-visiblespectroscopy, (FTIR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD and Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The biological activity evaluation by anti-inflammatory and anti oxidantusing evaluated in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ABTS radicalscavenging assay assay Iron chelating activity assay . The results also revealed that the waterextract of Mentha pulegium L and its iron nanoparticles represented the most potent in vitroantioxidant effect. Iron nanoparticles inhibited the growth of bacterial and fungal, theseresults suggested that iron nano particle could be an interesting to control pathogenic microorganisms.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65694_2ee5123ab3b305635fcec2420ad2100d.pdf
2017-07-01
606
614
10.24271/garmian.168
Iron nanoparticles
Plant extracts
Mentha pulegium L
Antioxidant activity
antiinflammatory activity
Sundus
Ahmed
drsundusahmed@gmail.com
1
Biological Department/ College of Science/ University of Al- Mustansyiriha
AUTHOR
1. McKay DL, Blumberg JB (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Menthapiperita L.). Phytother Res 20:619–6332.
1
2.Yadegarinia D, Gachkar L, Rezaei MB, Taghizadeh M, Astaneh SA. (2006). Biochemical activities of Iranian Mentha piperita L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils. Phytochemistry 67:1249–1255
2
3. Mimica-Dukić N, Bozin B, Soković M, Mihajlović B, Matavulj M. (2003). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Med 69:413–419.
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4. Bai H, Liu X. (2010). Green hydrothermal synthesis and photoluminescence property of ZnO2 nanoparticles. Mater. Lett. 64: 341.
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5.Mahdavi, M.; Ahmad, M.B.; Haron, M.J.; Gharayebi, Y.; Shameli, K.; Nadi, B. (2013). Fabrication and characterization of SiO2/(3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-coated magnetite nanoparticles for lead(II) removal from aqueous solution. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 23, 599–607.
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6. Cruickshank R. (1968). Medical microbiology: a guide to diagnosis and control of infection. Edinburghand London: E&S. Livingston Ltd. 11th (ed, p.88.
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15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Trichophyton rubrum var.raubitschekii from the Infant Groin.
Five clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum isolated from patients withdermatophytosis in the Dermatology unit of the General Hospital in Kalar distric/Sulaimaniprovince/North region of Iraq. The isolates were identified according to the conventionallaboratory methods and molecular methods, one of these strains was isolated from the groinof an infant with one year old and identifies as Trichophyton rubrum var. raubitschekii. Thisvariety characterized by the production of cottony to a velvety colony. The front of the colonyappeared brown color with brownish pigmentation at the reverse. Slide examination revealednumerous cylindrical shaped microconidia and few longer macroconidia. Molecularidentification was conducted according to the conventional PCR by using set primers ITS1and ITS4 and resulted in PCR product about 690bp. PCR-RFLP by using BstN1 digestionenzyme revealed three pattern bands 380,180,100bp. While sequencing of the ITS regionrevealed high similarity with that of a number of uncultured endocytic fungus clone.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65695_1c50e53fbfc424e173c337870de7d8a7.pdf
2017-07-01
615
623
10.24271/garmian.169
Trichophyton rubrum var. raubitschekii
ITS, PCR, RFLP, Sequencing
Han
Maikhan
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khalid
Habeb
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed
Suleiman
3
AUTHOR
Arabatzis, M.; Velegraki, A.; Kantardjiev, T.; Stavrakieva, V.; Rigopoulos, D. and Katsambas, A. (2005). First report on autochthonous urease positive Tricophyton rubrum from South east Europe. Br. J. Dermatol., 153 (1): 178 – 82.
1
Ellis, D.; Davis, S.; Alexiou, H.; Handkw, R. and Bartley, R. (2007). Deion of Medical Fungi. 2nd edition. Adelaid. Australia.
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Forobes, B.A.; Sahm, D.F. and Weissfeld, A.C. (1998). Dignostic Microbiology. 10th ed., Mosby, Inc. London.
3
Ghojoghi, A.; Falahati, M.; Paghehm A.S.; Abastabar, M.; Ghasemi, Z.; Ansari, S.; Farahyar, S. and Roudbary, M. (2015). Molecular Identification of Epidemiological Aspect of Dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran. J. Research in Molecular Medicine, 3:11-16.
4
Gräser, Y., Kuijpers, A. F., Presber, W. and De Hoog, G. S. (2000). Molecular taxonomy of the Trichophyton rubrum complex. J Clin Microbiol 38, 3329–3336.
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6
Ilkit, M.; Saracl, MA. and Yukse, T.(2011). Trichophyton rubrum with the `raubitschekii` morphotype: the first report from Turkey. Mycopathologia, 171(2):119-122.
7
Liu, D.; Pearce, L. Lilley, G.; Coloe, S.; Baird, R. and Pedersen J. (2002). PCR identification of dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton rubrum, T. soudanense and T. gourvilii. J Med Microbiol. 51(2):117-22.
8
Refai, M.; El-Yazid, H. A. and Al- Hariri, M. (2013). Monograf on Dermatophytes. A guide for isolation and identification of dermatophytes, diseases and treatment. Cairo. Egypt.
9
Rippon, J. W. (1988). Medical Mycology. The pathogenic fungi and pathogenic Actinomycetes. W.B. Saunders. Philadelphia, 3rd. ed.196. USA.
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Venkatesan, G.; Singh, A.J.A.; Murugesan, A.G.; Janaki, C. and Shankar, S.G. (2007).Trichophyton rubrum – the predominant aetiological agent in human dermatophytosis in Chennai, India. Afr J Microbiol Res, 1(1):9–12
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Fourth Generation Standard Model onthe CP Asymmetry in Bs → ϕℓ+ℓ- Decay
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65696_31a9844e7acb800e00b2246805c76830.pdf
2017-07-01
624
636
10.24271/garmian.170
H
Mehranfar
1
AUTHOR
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[27] W. S. Hou, H-n. Li, S. Mishima and M. Nagashima, hep-ph/0611107
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
investigation of Total Branching Ratio and the Lepton Polarization Asymmetries in Bs → ϕℓ+ℓ− Decay with the Fourth-Generation SM
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65697_d1c9c64b5e6db9d3f09c93470186ffa1.pdf
2017-07-01
637
659
10.24271/garmian.171
H
Mehranfar
1
AUTHOR
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M. Aliev and M. Savci, Phys. Lett. B 481, 275 (2000).
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S. Fukae, C. S. Kim and T. Yoshikawa, Phys. Rev. D 61, 074015 (2000); T.
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M. Aliev, M. K. C¸ akmak, A. Ozpineci and M. Savcı, Phys. Rev. D ¨ 64, 055007
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055007 (2001); T. M. Aliev, M. Savcı, A. Ozpineci and H. Koru, J. Phys. G ¨
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E. O. ˙ Iltan and G. Turan, Phys. Rev. D 61, 034010 (2000); T. M. Aliev, A.
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Ozpineci, M. Savcı, Phys. Lett. B ¨ 520, 69 (2001).
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Rev. D65 (2002) 055001.
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E. O. ˙ Iltan and G. Turan, Phys. Rev. D 61, 034010 (2000); T. M. Aliev, A.
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Ozpineci, M. Savcı, Phys. Lett. B ¨ 520, 69 (2001).
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Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics (Moscow, 2005),
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Generalization of (0,2,5)Lacunary interpolation by sixtic splines on uniform meshes
Spline functions are the best tool of polynomials used as the basic means of approximationtheory in nearly all areas of numerical analysis. Also in the problem of interpolation by g-splineconstruction of spline, existences, uniqueness and error bounds needed.In this study, we generalized (0,2,5) Lacunary interpolation by sixtic spline on uniformmeshes. The results obtained, the existence uniqueness and error bounds for generalize (0, 2, 5)Lacunary interpolation by sixtic spline. These generalize are preferable to interpolation by sixticspline to the use (0, 2, 5).
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65698_fa83fa73217eeadd465a3292252525db.pdf
2017-07-01
660
675
10.24271/garmian.172
Ridha
karem
1
Department of Mathematical Science, University of Sulaimani
AUTHOR
1] Saeed, R.K. and Jwamer, K.H., (2005), Minimizing error bounds in Lacunary interpolation
1
by spline function, (0, 1, 4) case. Journal of Al. Nahrain University, 8 (2), pp.114-119.
2
[2] Kanth, A.S., V.R. and V. Bhattacharya, 2006. Cubic spline for a class on non-linear singular
3
boundary value problems arising in physiology. Applied Math. Comput., 174: 768-774.
4
[3] Jwamer, K.H., (2007), Minimizing error bounds in (0,2,3) Lacunary interpolation by sixtic
5
spline function, Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, USA, 3(4),pp.249-256 .
6
[4] Jwamer, K.H. and Ghafoor,R.K.,(2010):Generalization of (0,4) Lacunary Interpolation by
7
Quantic Spline , Journal of Mathematics and Statistics in USA 6(1):72-78.
8
[5] Jwamer, K.H. and Ghafoor,R.K (2011): New Construction and New Error Bounds For
9
(0,2,4) Lacunary Interpolation By Six Degree Spline, Mosel university, Al-Rafidain journal
10
of computer Sciences and Mathematics,Vol.(8) No.(1).
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nuclear localization signals, genetic characterisation and morphological study of wild type and 14 Arabidopsis mutant lines
2-oxoglutarate-dependent (2-OG) dioxygenases [2(OG)-dioxygenases] are distributed in a widerange of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in many different important biologicalactivities, for example biosynthesis of plant products including plant hormones and antioxidants,posttranslational modification, DNA/RNA damage repair and in certain organisms modulationsof epigenetic modifications. These 2(OG) dioxygenase enzymes contain a characteristic iron (Fe)-binding active site. To understand their role in modulating mechanisms against unfavourableconditions, the present study examined nuclear localization signal (NLS), genetic status,phenotypic patterns of 14 T-DNA mutants of Arabidopsis containing an insert in their (2-OG)dioxygenase genes. Results showed that predicted localizations of proteins encoded byrespective genes varied according to four different methods used in this analysis; seven, three,one and one of them were predicted to be located in the nucleus according to the four methods,respectively. Moreover, genotypic analysis confirmed the homozygosity of plant(s) of nine ofthese mutant lines [N671573 (insert in At1g20270), N668172 (At1g68080), N652869(At2g17720), N679576 (At3g06290), N678627 (At3g28490), N338446 (At4g35810), N683883(At4g35820), N666896 (At5g18900), N598611 (At5g66060)] and phenotypic analysis includingvegetative, siliques and seed characteristics of those plants showed different characteristicseither within each mutant (homozygous and heterozygous), or between mutants and the WT.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65699_fac9efdd310f7a24f719107566da2c56.pdf
2017-07-01
676
692
10.24271/garmian.173
Asaad
Mahmood
asaad@garmian.edu.krd
1
1Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, KRG/Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jim
Dunwell
j.m.dunwell@reading.ac.uk
2
School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
AUTHOR
Aik, W., McDonough, M.A., Thalhammer, A., Chowdhury, R. and Schofield, C.J. (2012) Role of the jelly-roll fold in substrate binding by 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases. Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 22, 691-700.
1
Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Martin, R., Roberts, K. and Watson, J. (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th ed: Garland Science. New York: USA.
2
Chen, Z.J. and Tian, L. (2007) Roles of dynamic and reversible histone acetylation in plant development and polyploidy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression, 1769, 295-307.
3
Cheynier, V., Comte, G., Davies, K.M., Lattanzio, V. and Martens, S. (2013) Plant phenolics: recent advances on their biosynthesis, genetics, and ecophysiology. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 72, 1-20.
4
Cheynier, V., Comte, G., Davies, K.M., Lattanzio, V. and Martens, S. (2013) Plant phenolics: recent advances on their biosynthesis, genetics, and ecophysiology. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 72, 1-20.
5
Etchegaray, J.-P., Chavez, L., Huang, Y., Ross, K.N., Choi, J., Martinez-Pastor, B., Walsh, R.M., Sommer, C.A., Lienhard, M. and Gladden, A. (2015) The histone deacetylase SIRT6 controls embryonic stem cell fate via TET-mediated production of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Nature Cell Biology, 17, 545-557
6
Geilen, K. and Böhmer, M. (2015) Dynamic subnuclear relocalisation of WRKY40 in response to Abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana.Nature Scientific Reports, 5.
7
Grandperret, V., Nicolas‐Francés, V., Wendehenne, D. and Bourque, S. (2014) Type‐II histone deacetylases: elusive plant nuclear signal transducers. Plant, Cell & Environment, 37, 1259-1269.
8
Hausinger, R.P. (2015) Biochemical diversity of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases. in 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases (Hausinger, R. P., and Schofield, C. J. eds.): Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 1-58.
9
Hewitson, K., Granatino, N., Welford, R., McDonough, M. and Schofield, C. (2005) Oxidation by 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases: non-haem iron systems in catalysis and signalling. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 363, 807-828.
10
Hewitson, K., Granatino, N., Welford, R., McDonough, M. and Schofield, C. (2005) Oxidation by 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases: non-haem iron systems in catalysis and signalling. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 363, 807-828.
11
Jans, D.A., Xiao, C.Y. and Lam, M.H. (2000) Nuclear targeting signal recognition: a key control point in nuclear transport? Bioessays, 22, 532-544.
12
Kobayashi, T. and Nishizawa, N.K. (2012) Iron uptake, translocation, and regulation in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 63, 131-152.
13
Lange, A., Mills, R.E., Lange, C.J., Stewart, M., Devine, S.E. and Corbett, A.H. (2007) Classical nuclear localization signals: definition, function, and interaction with importin α. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 5101-5105.
14
Lee, S., Doxey, A.C., McConkey, B.J. and Moffatt, B.A. (2012) Nuclear targeting of methyl-recycling enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by specific protein interactions. Molecular Plant, 5, 231-248.
15
Martens, S., Preuß, A. and Matern, U. (2010) Multifunctional flavonoid dioxygenases: Flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Phytochemistry, 71, 1040-1049.
16
Saito, K., Yonekura-Sakakibara, K., Nakabayashi, R., Higashi, Y., Yamazaki, M., Tohge, T. and Fernie, A.R. (2013) The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis: structural and genetic diversity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 72, 21-34.
17
Uji, T., Takahashi, M., Saga, N. and Mikami, K. (2010) Visualization of nuclear localization of tranion factors with cyan and green fluorescent proteins in the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. Marine Biotechnology, 12, 150-159.
18
Wang, J., Yu, Y., Zhang, Z., Quan, R., Zhang, H., Ma, L., Deng, X.W. and Huang, R. (2013) Arabidopsis CSN5B interacts with VTC1 and modulates ascorbic acid synthesis. The Plant Cell, 25, 625-636
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of photosynthesis activities among ten species of Salvia L.
The study included survey to record ten species of Salvia L. (Lamiaceae)at spring session in three physical district of Iraqi vegetation within Kurdistanregion .After identified species of studied genus the study included fieldinvestigation of some photosynthetic parameters by PP system TPS-2.the resultshowed different pattern of these species in compared with the elasticity ofgeographic distribution especially in Compensation point of CO2 and the leafcontents of photosynthetic pigments.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65700_d6fa77c67ea9e5b4dce16541077ea51a.pdf
2017-07-01
693
698
10.24271/garmian.174
Khalid
Darweesh
khalid.palani@garmian.edu.krd
1
University of Garmian College of Education
AUTHOR
Al-Hussaini ,Aseel Fuad A. (2006). Comparative Morphological Study for more than thirty species of Salvia L. (Labiatae) in Iraq. University of Baghdad .Master thesis.
1
Alziar, G. (1989) Catalogue synonymique des Salvia du monde (Lamiaceae). Muséum d`histoire naturelle. French.
2
Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., De Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A., Ryding, O., and Upson, T. (2004). Labiatae. In: Kadereit JW, ed. The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. VII. – flowering plants: dicotyledons (Lamiales except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 167–275.
3
Kintzios, S.E. (2000). SAGE the Genus Salvia. Harwood Academic Publishers. Netherlands. Pp:289.
4
Panagiotopoulos, E. , C. Kapetanos , M. Skapeti , C. Cholevas , J. Drossopoulos , M. Loukas and S. E. Kintzios (2000). The ecophysiology of Salvia: Disorders and Adaptation. from ( Sage The Genus Salvia) Harwood Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp:27–46.
5
Shirsat, R., Kokate, P., and Surdakar. (2012) Morphological and Anatomical Characterization of Salvia Plebeia from Maharashtra (India). Bioscience Discovery. 3(2): 165-168.
6
Simpson, M.G. (2006). Plant Systematic. Elsevier Academic Press.Canada.
7
Walker, J.B., Sytsma, K.J. (2007). Staminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever. Annals of Botany. 100: 375–391.
8
Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992). The families of flowering plants. deions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 19th December 2012. http://delta-intkey.com.
9
Kapotis G., Zervoudakis G., Veltsistas T. and Salahas G.(2003) Comparison of Chlorophyll Meter Readings with Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration in Amaranthus vlitus: Correlation with Physiological Processe. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology.50 (3) pp. 395-397.
10
Miyashita, K. .(2005) Recovery responses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in kidney bean following drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 53, Issue 2, Pages 205–214. Okayama, Japan
11
Sage , R. F., & Monson, R. K. (1999) C4 Plant Biology. Academic Press.U.K.
12
Strzalka ,K and Pieter K.(1999)Plant Physiology Ecology. Academic press. USA
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improvement of chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of Polypropylene (PP) - Cellulose microcrystalline composites (CMC)
A research paper focuses on investigations of the improvements on chemical and thermal, andmechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) by adding cellulose microcrystalline fillers (CMC).The CMC powder was used as reinforcement in pure PP with various weight percentages 5, 10and 20 % respectively. The melt mixing process was used to prepare (PP/ CMC) composites. Thestructural changes of PP/CMC composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra. The results of the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) exhibited that the higheraddition of 20% CMC into the pure PP slightly improved both the residue yields and thermalstability. The tensile strength of 20% CMC into pure PP was slightly increased and elongationreduced, compared with pure PP.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_65701_9d36909296d5b8a0592fb75e7bb15fe6.pdf
2017-07-01
699
707
10.24271/garmian.175
polypropylene
Cellulose Microcrystalline
TGA
tensile strength
Eman
Khalaf
sameer.msc1981@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Anbar
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sameer
Awad
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Garmian
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ashna
Arkawazi
3
AUTHOR
1] M. Abdelmouleh, S. Boufi, M.N. Belgacem, A. Dufresne, Short natural fiber reinforced polyethylene & natural rubber composite: Effect of silane coupling agent and fibers loading, Composites science and technology, 67 (2007) 1627-1639.
1
[2] M. Biswal, S. Mohanty, S.K. Nayak, Banana fiber-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites: Effect of fiber treatment on mechanical, thermal, and dynamic-mechanical properties, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 25 (2012) 765-790.
2
[3] A.K. Bledzki, O. Faruk, Wood fiber reinforced polypropylene composites: effect of fiber geometry and coupling agent on physicomechanical properties, Applied Composite Materials, 10 (2003) 365-379.
3
[4] K.S. Chun, S. Husseinsyah, H. Osman, Utilization of cocoa pod husk as filler in polypropylene biocomposites: effect of completed polypropylene, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 28 (2015) 1507-1521.
4
[5] Y. Cui, S. Lee, B. Noruziaan, M. Cheung, J. Tao, Fabrication and interfacial modifications of wood recycled plastic composite materials, Composite Part A: Applied science and manufacturing, 39 (2008) 655-661.
5
[6] N. Follain, C. Joly, P. Dole, C. Bliard, Properties of starch-based blends. Part 2. Influence of polyvinyl alcohol addition and photocrosslinking on starch based materials mechanical properties, Carbohydrate Polymers, 60 (2005) 185-192.
6
[7] S.H. Imam, P. Cinelli, S.H. Gordon, E. Chiellini, Characterization of Biodegradable Composite Films Prepared from Blends of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Cornstarch, and Lignocellulosic Fiber, Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 13 (2005) 47-55.
7
[8] K. Jarukumjorn, N. Suppakarn, Effect of glass fiber hybridization on properties of sisal fiber–polypropylene composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 40 (2009) 623-627.707
8
[9] R. Jayasekara, I. Harding, I. Bowater, G.B.Y. Christie, G.T. Lonergan, Preparation, surface modification and characterization of solution cast starch PVA blended films, Polymer Testing, 23 (2004) 17-27.
9
[10] R. Malkapuram, V. Kumar, Y.S. Negi, Recent development in natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 28 (2009) 1169-1189. [11] S. Mousazadeh, A. Shakouri, M. Hojjat, S.G. Etemad, S.Z. Heris, Rheological behavior of starch–poly(vinyl alcohol)–TiO2 nanofluids and their main and interactive effects, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133 (2016) n/a-n/a.
10
[12] D. Nawapat, W. Thawien, Effect of UV-treatment on the properties of biodegradable rice starch films, International Food Research Journal, 20 (2013) 1313-1322. [13] S.K. Nayak, S. Mohanty, S.K. Samal, Influence of interfacial adhesion on the structural and mechanical behavior of PP‐banana-glass hybrid composites, Polymer Composites, 31 (2010) 1247-1257.
11
[14] M. Sain, B. Kokta, Effect of solid–state modified polypropylene on the physical performance of sawdust–filled polypropylene composites, Advances in Polymer Technology, 12 (1993) 167-183. [15] M. Sain, S. Park, F. Suhara, S. Law, Flame retardant and mechanical properties of natural fiber–PP composites containing magnesium hydroxide, Polymer Degradation, and Stability, 83 (2004) 363-367.
12
[16] H. Salmah, F. Amri, H. Kamarudin, Properties of chitosan-filled polypropylene (PP) composites: The effect of acetic acid, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 51 (2012) 86-91. [17] X. Tang, S. Alavi, Recent advances in starch, polyvinyl alcohol based polymer blends, nanocomposites and their biodegradability, Carbohydrate Polymers, 85 (2011) 7-16
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
On -Covering Dimension Functions
The present paper is devoted to introduce and study a new type of covering dimension function of topological spaces by using -open sets. For this dimension function, some properties, characterizations and relationships with other concepts are found and proved
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_66456_22a739dc3ca1836d5f3bb41943871ed4.pdf
2017-07-01
42
50
10.24271/jgu.2017.66456
covering dimension function
topological spaces
-open sets
Alias
Khalaf
khalaf59@yahoo.com
1
Mathematics Department, College of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Halgwrd
Darwesh
halgwrd.darwesh@univsul.edu.iq
2
Mathematics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
AUTHOR
[1] R. Engelking ,“Dimension Theory”, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1978.
1
[2] H. Z. Hdeib, -closed maping, Revista colombiana de mathematics, Vol.
2
16, 1982, 65-78.
3
[3] R. A. Hussain, “On Dimension Theory”, M.Sc. Thesis, College of Science, Baghdad University, 1992.
4
[4] A. B. Khalaf, “Closed, Compact sets and Some Dimension Functions”, M.Sc. Thesis, College of Science, Mosul University, 1982.
5
[5] A. B. Khalaf, “Some Aspects of Dimension Theory”, Ph.D Thesis, College of Education, Dohuk University, 2006.
6
[6] A. B. Khalaf, H. M. Darwesh and K. Kannan, "Some Types of Separation Axioms in Topological Spaces", Tamsui Oxford Journal of Information and Mathematical Sciences 28(3), 2012, 303-326.
7
[7] A. Al-Omari and M. S. Noorani, “Contra-continuous and Almost Contra continuous”, Int. J. of Math. and Math. Sci. Vol. 2007, 2007, Article ID 40469. 13 pages.
8
[8] A. R. Pears, “Dimension Theory of General Spaces”, Cambridge University press, Cambridge, 1975.
9
[9] Y. H. Rizgar, “q-Open sets and Their Applications in Dimension Theory”, Zanco. J. of Pure and Appl. Sci. Vol. 2(18), 2006, 55-60.
10
[10] Y. H. Saddam, “On Some Dimension Functions and Locally-Dimension Functions”, M.Sc. Thesis, College of Science, Salahaddin University, 2001.
11
[11] S. Willard, General Topology, Addision Weasly, London, 1970.
12
[12] K. Y. Al-Zoubi and B. Al-Nashief, The Topology of -open subsets,
13
Al-Manarah, Vol 9(2), 2003, 169-179.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrodeposition of some metals and their alloys using different deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride
Ionic liquids with discrete anions are deep eutectic solvents can be utilized for metals electroplating. In this investigation various types of deep eutectic solvents have been utilized such as Reline, Ethaline and Hybrid as solvents for the electrodeposition of Sn, Zn and Zn-Sn alloys. Ethaline and Reline displayed identical voltammetric profiles for the reduction of Zn+2 and Sn+2. Reline possess high viscosity which lead to decreasing the quality of electroplating, therefore the process needs higher temperature or longer electroplating time. The surface morphology and compositions have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). These techniques lead to detecting the metal alloy that have been added to the ionic liquids. Pure ionic liquids preparation was another aim of this investigation, which utilized as a standard scale for comparison with the metal based liquids. Analysis of cyclic voltammetry in all systems indicated differences in the reactivity and mobility of species in solution which affected the growth mechanism and resulted in changes in deposit morphology.
https://jgu.garmian.edu.krd/article_163471_e2263bf6e598bfe9e80517b6185eb640.pdf
2017-07-01
474
485
doi.org/10.24271/garmian.157
Electrodeposition
Deep eutectic solvent
Ionic Liquids
Zn-Sn alloy
voltammogram
Masoud
Zankana
masoud.mahamad@garmian.edu.krd
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Garmian, Sulaimani-Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azeez
Barzinjy
azeez.azeez@su.edu.krd
2
Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Salahaddin, Erbil -Iraq
AUTHOR
Endres, F., D. MacFarlane, and A. Abbott, Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquids. 2008: Wiley.
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Keskin, S., et al., A review of ionic liquids towards supercritical fluid applications. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2007. 43(1): p. 150-180.
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Smith, E.L., A.P. Abbott, and K.S. Ryder, Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and their applications. Chemical reviews, 2014. 114(21): p. 11060-11082.
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Heintz, A., Recent developments in thermodynamics and thermophysics of non-aqueous mixtures containing ionic liquids. A review. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2005. 37(6): p. 525-535.
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Abbott, A.P., et al., Preparation of novel, moisture-stable, Lewis-acidic ionic liquids containing quaternary ammonium salts with functional side chainsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: plot of conductivity vs. temperature for the ionic liquid formed from zinc chloride and choline chloride (2∶ 1). Chemical Communications, 2001(19): p. 2010-2011.
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Yang, Q. and D.D. Dionysiou, Photolytic degradation of chlorinated phenols in room temperature ionic liquids. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2004. 165(1): p. 229-240.
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Han, D. and K.H. Row, Recent applications of ionic liquids in separation technology. Molecules, 2010. 15(4): p. 2405-2426.
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Abbott, A.P. and K.J. McKenzie, Application of ionic liquids to the electrodeposition of metals. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2006. 8(37): p. 4265-4279.
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Huang, J.-F. and I.-W. Sun, Electrochemical studies of tin in zinc chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2003. 150(6): p. E299-E306.
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Pölzler, M., A.H. Whitehead, and B. Gollas, A study of zinc electrodeposition from zinc chloride: choline chloride: ethylene glycol. ECS Transactions, 2010. 25(39): p. 43-55.
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Tang, B. and K.H. Row, Recent developments in deep eutectic solvents in chemical sciences. Monatshefte für Chemie-Chemical Monthly, 2013. 144(10): p. 1427-1454.
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Alhaji, A.I., Electrodeposition of alloys from deep eutectic solvents. 2012, University of Leicester.
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Abbott, A.P., K. Ryder, and U. König, Electrofinishing of metals using eutectic based ionic liquids. Transactions of the IMF, 2008. 86(4): p. 196-204.
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Kölle, P. and R. Dronskowski, Synthesis, crystal structures and electrical conductivities of the ionic liquid compounds butyldimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate and hexafluoroantimonate. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2004. 2004(11): p. 2313-2320.
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Abbott, A.P., et al., Electrodeposition of zinc–tin alloys from deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2007. 599(2): p. 288-294.
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Zhou, W.-H. and S.-X. Wu, Solution-Based Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 Materials for Energy Related Applications. Materials Focus, 2012. 1(3): p. 175-190.
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Wang, K., H. Pickering, and K. Weil, EQCM studies of the electrodeposition and corrosion of tin–zinc coatings. Electrochimica acta, 2001. 46(24): p. 3835-3840.
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