Nakhshan M. Rostam Khan; Muhammed Mahmood; Hayder Mohammed Issa
Abstract
The study area is located in northeastern Iraq, between latitudes (35ᴼ,50.16 - 35, 47,30ᴼ) in the north and longitudes (44ᴼ,57,20 - 45ᴼ, 44.03) in the east, with an area of ...
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The study area is located in northeastern Iraq, between latitudes (35ᴼ,50.16 - 35, 47,30ᴼ) in the north and longitudes (44ᴼ,57,20 - 45ᴼ, 44.03) in the east, with an area of (1407 km2), administratively represented by the center of The city of Sulaymaniyah and its environs (Bazian, Tangro, Bakrajo). The district is bordered by the Dokan district to the north, Qardagh and Chamchamal district to the west, Jawarta district (Sharpazir) to the east, and Shahrazour and Sayed Sadiq districts to the south. The deterioration in many of its parts, due to pollution by recurring drought years and the cold season, as it helps to raise the polluting elements of the soil of the study area due to various human activities. Therefore, the research aims to show the extent of the impact of the dry season on the increase in the concentrations of soil polluting elements in The study area in terms of physical and chemical properties. The study relied on the inductive and deductive approach, and they were linked by the method of scientific-geographical analysis, and in order to achieve the goal of the research. Data were collected through a field survey of the area and collected (30) samples in the summer season and (30) samples in The winter season, and it was analyzed in the laboratory, using the (XRD) device to detect metal concentrations in the soil, in addition to a number of other devices and tools. The soil of the study area in general is a soil with a soft to medium texture, and this type of tissue contributes in drought conditions to the sequestration of heavy and toxic minerals and elements more than the coarse texture. There is also a discrepancy in the distribution of the concentrations of chemical elements temporally in the study area, the concentrations of the elements increased Harmful chemical and metallic minerals during the month of July and decreased during the month of January, as the study showed that the climatic elements represented by high temperatures and evaporation have a role in soil pollution because they contribute to changing the physical properties (EC, PH) and an increase in the concentrations of chemical elements in July more than in January, including (CO, NI, Ca, Fe, Cd, Cr, k). The study recommends preserving soil fertility and maintaining it from the problems it faces (erosion, erosion, pollution) because neglecting it leads to the expansion of the problem, treating sewage before discharging it into river valleys within the study area, which often relies its water in the summer for irrigation, to ensure the use of water Treatment in the dry period, and increasing plant density, such as afforestation of slopes and valleys, helps in absorbing part of the pollutants and increasing their fertility.
