Azdeen Darwesh; samad Salih
Abstract
The Awaspi is a sub-district and small town of Kfri district, which is located in the southwestern part of Sulaymaniyah province and the northwest of Garmian administration. Awaspi ...
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The Awaspi is a sub-district and small town of Kfri district, which is located in the southwestern part of Sulaymaniyah province and the northwest of Garmian administration. Awaspi is consist of 31 villages with an area of (629.7 km2), which consist of (22.45%) of the total area of Kfrri district. Drought is a natural phenomenon which has a direct impact on the decline and decrease of the underground water level in the case study area. The study aimed to analyze the effect of drought on the fluctuation of the underground water level in the research area and also aimed to display the decreasing and increasing the main source of wells water in years which is rainfall and then demonstrate a different level of groundwater and declining the water harvesting from springs and wells according to several years. The results revealed that there is a big difference in the level of the underground water in the area. Groundwater harvesting and its level are dropped continuously in the region because of declining rainfall and increasing air temperature. The rainfall was less than its average in the study area of 11 years out of 21, which caused the level of underground water to drop from (5-10m) to (38-63m). The level of groundwater in the northern parts of the area is declined slightly compared to its southern parts. This resulted in increasing wells' depth from (3-5m) to (60-170m). The average level of water wells stability is declined from (1.5-2m) to (10-76m) by (74m) and the average changeable water wells level is dropped on average by (55m). The wells' water harvest declined from (4-5 liter/second) to (3-3.5 liter/second) in 2021. The springs in the region are either out of use or are in tiny harvest. The record shows that the number of wells in the region is (218 machine wells) and (11 hand wells) and the springs are 40. The drought was caused to the 2 machine wells, 67 hand wells and the 233 springs being drying. Now, the depth of the groundwater level is between (38-130 M) in the region. The total average of underground water in the area in 2021 reaches (84.32 liter/second) which is equal to (2659115.52 m3/year).