جۆری توێژینه‌وه‌ : Original Article

نوسه‌ران

Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

پوخته‌

This study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on reducing of test anxiety in students. The research method was Quasi experimental with pretest-posttest and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all students at the University of Garmian in the 2017-2018 academic years. Sample was selected among them by using the result of Spielberger's Test Anxiety, 30 students who had high scores on test anxiety (one standard deviation above the mean group), were selected and randomly assigned in two experimental and control group. Experimental groups, received 8 sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction program. For collecting data Spielberger's Test Anxiety was used. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA statistical method. The results showed that there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Mindfulness-based stress reduction was influential in reducing test anxiety in students. There was also significant difference between the two groups considering the gender, that in girls, mindfulness-based stress reduction program in comparison with the boys was more effective in reducing test anxiety of students. Therefore, the research hypothesis was approved. So we can conclude that training of mindfulness-based stress reduction is effective in reducing test anxiety especially in girls.

وشه‌ بنچینه‌ییه‌كان

American Psychiatrist Association (2013). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
Baer, R. A. (2006). Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinicians guide to
evidence base and application. USA: Academic Press is an Imprint of Elsevier.
Beauchemin, J., Hutchins, T. L., & Patterson, F. (2008). Mindfulness meditation may
lesson anxiety, promote social skills, and improve academic performance among
adolescents with learning disabilities. Complementary Health Practice Review, 13,
34-45.
Burke, A., & Koopman, C. (2004). The effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction
program on stress, mindfulness self-effi-cacy, and positive states of mind. Stress and
Health, 20, 141-147.
Chang, V. Y., Palesh, O., Caldwell, R., Glasgow, N., Abramson, M., Luskin, F., Gill,
M., Dundas I,  Thorsheim T,  Hjeltnes A,  Binder P.E. (2016). Mindfulness Based
Stress Reduction for Academic Evaluation Anxiety: A Naturalistic Longitudinal
Study. J College Stud Psychother . 2016 Apr 2; 30(2): 114–131.
Ferrando, S. (2005). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for trait anxiety. Journal of
Psycho, 22, 1-12.
Gallego J, Aguilar-Parrra JM, Cangas AJ, Lander AI, Manas I. (2015). Effect pf
mindfulness program on stress anxiety and depression in university students. Span J
Psychol. 17: E109.
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress
reduction and health benefits: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,
57, 35-43.
Kabat-Zin J. (2003). Mindfulness- Based intervention in contex: past, present, and
future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice . 10; 144-56.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind
to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delacorte.
Kristeller, J. L. (2007). MIndfulness Meditation. In P. Lehrer, R.L. Woolfolk & W.E.
Sime (Eds.), Principles and practice of Stress Management (3rd ed.). New York:
Guilford.
Kristeller, J. L. (2007). MIndfulness Meditation. In P. Lehrer, R.L. Woolfolk & W.E.
Sime (Eds.), Principles and practice of Stress Management (3rd ed.). New York:
Guilford.
LeBeau RT, Glenn D, Liao B, Wittchen H-U, Beesdo-Baum K, Ollendick T, et al.
(2010). Specific Phobia: a review of DSM-IV specific phobia and preliminary
recommendation for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 27(2): 148-167.
Miller, J. J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical
implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the
treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17, 192-200.
Paterniti, A. (2007). Comparing the efficacy of a mindfulness-based program to a
skillstraining program in the treatment of test anxiety. Unpublished Doctoral
Dissertation, Island, England: University of Islan.
Register A.C. Beckham DJ, May JG, & Gustafson DJ. (1991) stress inoculation
bibliotherapy in the treatment of test anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology.
38(2): 115-116
Sadock, B.J. and Sadock, V.A. (2003) Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of
Psychiatry. 7th Edition, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
Saltzman A. (2014). A still quiet place: a mindfulness program for teaching children and
adolescents to ease stree and difficult emotions. Ookland: New Harbinger Publication
Santorelli, S. F., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2002). Mindfulness-based stress reduction
Professional training resource manual. Worcester, MA: University of Massachusetts
Medical School.
Santorelli, S. F., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2002). Mindfulness-based stress reduction
Professional training resource manual. Worcester, MA: University of Massachusetts
Medical School.
Sarason IG, Sarason BB(2009). Test anxiety. In leitenberg H. Handbook of social and
evaluative anxiety. New York: Plenum Press.
Semple, R. J., Reid, E. F. G., & Miller, L. (2005). Treating anxiety with mindfulness: an
open trial of mindfulness training in anxious children. Journal of Cognitive
Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 19, 379-392.
Shahidi SH,  Akbari H, and  Zargar F. (2017). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress
reduction on emotion regulation and test anxiety in female high school students. J
Educ Health Promot . 2017; 6: 87.
Shapiro, S. L., Astin, J.A., Bishop, S. R., & Cordova, M. (2005). Mindfulness-based
stress reduction for health care professionals: results from a randomized trial.
International. Journal of Stress Management, 12, 164-176.
Song Y 1,  Lindquist R 2.(2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on
depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Educ
Today.  2015 Jan;35(1):86-90.